Beloved of the Lord;
Remember: “O Timothy, keep-φύλαξον (phulaxon)-to keep guard, watch, (by implication, to preserve) that which is committed to thy trust, avoiding-ἐκτρεπόμενος (ektrepomenos)-to turn off from, (to deflect, i.e. turn away)) profane-βεβήλους (bebelous)-profane, impious) and vain babblings-κενοφωνίας (kenophonias)-vain, empty sound, (i.e. empty discussion, discussion of vain and useless matters, fruitless discussion:—vain)), and oppositions-ἀντιθέσεις (antitheseis)-a placing over against, (i.e. a conflict (of theories):—opposition)) of science-γνώσεως (gnoseos)-knowledge), falsely so called-ψευδωνύμου (pseudonumon)-falsely named, (untruly named:—falsely so called):”-(1 Timothy 6:20)
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keep-φύλαξον: Verb, Aorist, Active, Imperative, 2nd Person, Singular: ["GUARD-YOU"//"guard-you!"]
1. Flat or Ball Earth?
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Circle
or
Ball Earth?
The Flat Earth
This matter, as to whether the earth is a circle or a sphere should not be contended as a salvific issue. Neither, should we
(-slander, -accuse, -defame, -smear, -disfellowship) a fellow Christian for believing otherwise. What I present to you below is for your edification.
Bibles:
Authorized Version 1611 [Punctuation, Capitalization, & Italics]
&
King James Bible 1769 [Spelling]
Concordance / Lexicon:
-
Analytical Concordance to the Bible: Robert Young, 1880.
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The New Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible.
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Thayer's Greek Lexicon.
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Friberg Analytical Greek Lexicon
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Gingrich, Greek New Testament Lexicon
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Danker, Greek New Testament Lexicon
-
Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon
Greek Text:
Stephanus 1550 & Beza's 1598 & Scrivener's 1894 Textus Receptus.
Hebrew Text:
Hebrew OT: Westminster Leningrad Codex.
Key:
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H/G#### : Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Number:— used when comparing Hebrew or Greek words that share the same root word, but not the same inflection / parsing.
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Brackets w/ Parenthesis [(abc)] : My commentary insert/input.
Commentaries:
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StudyLight.org: SL (click)
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BibleHub.com: BH (click)
Greek Interlinear:
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The
Earth
The Firmament
(A) What is the firmament?
(A1) Genesis 1:6
6 “And God said, Let there be H7549-a //firmament-רָקִיעַ (rā-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse (as if beaten out), expansion, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament)) (Heb. Expansion) H8432-in the midst of-בְּת֣וֹךְ (bə-ṯō-wḵ)-middle, among(-st), with(-in), between) the waters-הַמָּ֑יִם (ham-mā-yim;)-waters): and let it divide-מַבְדִּיל (maḇ-dîl,)-to separate) the waters from-בֵּין (bên)-between) the waters.”
(A2) Note: There is one (1) other verse that also uses the Hebrew word:
(H7549-רָקִיעַ-a firmament) as found in Genesis 1:6 :
(A3) Ezekiel 1:22
22 “And the likeness H7549-of the firmament-רָקִיעַ upon the heads of the living creature was as the colour of the terrible crystal, stretched forth-נָטוּי (nā-ṭui)-to stretch out, incline, (Spread out, i.e. pitch)) over-עַל־ (‘al-)-over, above) their heads above.”
(A4) Note: The Hebrew word: (H7549-רָקִיעַ-a firmament) stems from the root word: H7554-רָקַע râqaʻ; a primitive root; to pound the earth (as a sign of passion); by analogy to expand (by hammering); by implication, to overlay (with thin sheets of metal, (beat, stamp, beat out, spread out).
(A5) Note: Below are two (2) examples of the Strong's Number: (H7554).
(A6) Exodus 39:3
3 “H7554-And they did beat-וַֽיְרַקְּעוּ (way-raq-qə-‘ū)-to stamp, beat out) the gold into thin plates, and cut it into wires, to work it in the blue, and in the purple, and in the scarlet, and in the fine linen, with cunning work.”
(A7) Job 37:18
18 “H7554-Hast thou with him spread out-תַּרְקִיעַ (tar-qî-a‘)-to (cause) to spread out or over) the sky-לִשְׁחָקִים (liš-ḥā-qîm;)-small dust, thin cloud, (a powder (as beaten small); by analogy, a thin vapor; by extension, the firmament:—cloud, small dust, heaven, sky), which is strong-חֲזָקִים (ḥă-zā-qîm,)-strong, hard), and as a molten-מוּצָֽק (mū-ṣāq.)-to be poured out, cast firm, (a primitive root; properly, to pour out; by implication, to melt or cast as metal) looking glass-כִּרְאִי (kir-’î)-looking glass, (a mirror (as seen):—looking glass)?”
(A8) H8432 בְּת֣וֹךְ-in the midst of
(A9) Note: The Hebrew word:
(“...Let there be a firmament H8432 בְּת֣וֹךְ-in the midst of the waters, ...” )
as found in Genesis 1:6 can be found 175 times.
Below are two (2) Examples.
(A10) Exodus 14:16
16 “But lift thou up thy rod, and stretch out thine hand over the Sea, and divide it-וּבְקָעֵהוּ (ū-ḇə-qā-‘ê-hū;)-to cleave, rend, (to split): and the children of Israel shall go on dry ground H8432-through the midst-בְּתוֹךְ (bə-ṯō-wḵ)-middle, among(-st), with(-in), between, (a bisection, i.e. (by implication) the centre:—among(-st)) of the sea.”
(A11) Note: Cross-reference: Exo 14:22 / Exo 14:27 / Exo 14:29
(A12) Genesis 3:8
8 “And they heard the voice of the LORD God, walking in the garden in the //cool (Hebr. wind) of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves-וַיִּתְחַבֵּא (way-yiṯ-ḥab-bê)-to hide self) from the presence of the LORD God, H8432-amongst-בְּתוֹךְ (bə-ṯō-wḵ)-in the midst of) the trees of the garden.”
(A13) H4325 הַמָּ֑יִם-the waters
(A14) Note: The Hebrew word:
(“...Let there be a firmament in the midst of H4325-בְּתוֹךְ-the waters, ...” )
as found in Genesis 1:6 can be found thirty (30) times.
Below are two (2) Examples.
(A15) Genesis 7:18
18 “And the waters prevailed, and were increased greatly upon the earth: and the Ark went upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-over, upon) the face of-פְּנֵי (pə-nê)-face, (i.e. surface)) H4325-the waters-הַמָּ֑יִם.”
(A16) Note: Remember, in Genesis 1:6 the (firmament) is (in the midst of) (H4325-the waters-הַמָּ֑יִם)
(A17) Exodus 14:21
21 “And Moses stretched out his hand over the Sea, and the LORD caused the Sea to go back by a strong East wind all that night, and made the Sea dry land, and H4325-the waters-הַמָּ֑יִם were divided-וַיִּבָּקְעוּ (way-yib-bā-qə-‘ū)-to cleave, rend, (i.e. divide, split).”
(A18) Genesis 1:7
7 “And God made-וַיַּעַשׂ (way-ya-‘aś)-to do, fashion, accomplish, make) H7949-the firmament-הָרָקִיעַ (hā-rā-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament)); H914-and divided-וַיַּבְדֵּל (way-yaḇ-dêl,)-to divide, to separate) H4325-the waters-הַמַּיִם (ham-ma-yim)-waters), which were under-מִתַּחַת (mit-ta-ḥaṯ)-under, beneath) the firmament, from-וּבֵין (ū-ḇên)-between) the waters, which were above-מֵעַל (mê-‘al)-above, over) the firmament: and it was so.”
(A19) Note: Below is another Example of the Hebrew word:
(H914-וַיַּבְדֵּל-and divided).
(A20) Genesis 1:4
4 “And God saw the light, that it was good: and God divided-וַיַּבְדֵּל (way-yaḇ-dêl)-to divide, to separate) //the light from the darkness (Hebr. between the light and between the darkness).”
Lights in the Firmament.
(B) The Sun, Moon, and Stars.
(B1) Genesis 1:14-19
14 “And God said, Let there be lights-מָאוֹר (maor)-light giver, luminary) in the firmament of-בִּרְקִיעַ (bir-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament)) the heaven-הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (haš-šā-ma-yim,)-heavens, sky, visible heavens), to divide //the day from the night (Hebr. between the day and between the night): and let them be for signs and for seasons, and for days and years.”
(B2) Note: The English word: (in the firmament of) is supported by the Hebrew word: (בִּרְקִיעַ); which is a Preposition, OR,
(in-בִּרְקִיעַ the firmament of-בִּרְקִיעַ) .
(B3) Note: Even for those who read the LXX Septuagint, the English word: ('in' the firmament) is supported by the Greek Preposition:
(in-ἐν the-τῷ firmament-στερεώματι). Definition of the Greek Preposition (ἐν): A primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state).
(B4) Cross-Reference: Jeremiah 31:35
35 “Thus saith the LORD which giveth-נֹתֵן (nō-ṯên)-to give, put, set) the Sun-שֶׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ (še-meš)-ministrant, sun) for a light-לְאוֹר (lə-’ō-wr)-light, lighting) by day, and the ordinances- חֻקֹּ֛ת (ḥuq-qōṯ)- statute, ordinance, limit, enactment, something prescribed) of the moon- יָרֵ֥חַ (yā-rê-aḥ)- moon, wandering) and of the stars-וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים (wə-ḵō-w-ḵā-ḇîm)-a star, (as round or as shining)) for a light-לְאוֹר (lə-’ō-wr)-light, lightning) by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar, The LORD of hosts is his name.”
(B5) Note: The (Sun), (moon), and (stars) are placed
('in'-בִּרְקִיעַ) the firmament. (c.) modern science rejects God as the giver of the sun, moon, and stars.
(B6) Genesis 1:14-18
15 “And let them be for light-לִמְאוֹרֹת (lim-’ō-w-rōṯ)-light giver, luminary) in the firmament of-בִּרְקִ֣יעַ (bir-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament)) the heaven, to give light-לְהָאִיר (lə-hā-’îr)-to cause or give light) upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-over, upon) the earth-הָאָרֶץ (hā-’ā-reṣ;)-earth, land): and it was so.”
(B7) Note: Notice it does not say:
("...to give light upon the (-solar system, -planets), but, "upon the earth". This is the only home God created for you and me.
(C2b) Note: Here is an example of the Hebrew word: (אֶ֔רֶץ (’e-reṣ)-earth) in:
Genesis 1:10 “And God called the dry land, Earth-אֶ֔רֶץ (’e-reṣ)-land, earth), and the gathering together of the waters called he, Seas: and God saw that it was good.”
(B8) Cross-Reference: Psalms 24:1
1 “A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD'S, and the fulness thereof; the world-תֵּבֵל (tê-ḇêl,)-fruit bearing or habitable earth), and they that dwell therein.”
(B9) Note: Ask yourself, why would David, who was moved by the Spirit of God, say: ("The earth"-singular) and not: (the (-universe, -planets, -galaxies, -solar system, etc.)
(B10) Note: (a.) The word: ("the world"-תֵּבֵל) is not synonymous to the words:
'sphere', or 'globe', or 'planet'. But rather, it emphasizes a (fruit bearing or habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth). The Hebrew word: (תֵּבֵל-"the world") has its roots from the Hebrew word: (H2986-יָבַל-(tēḇēl):—a primitive root; properly, to flow; causatively, to bring (especially with pomp):—bring (forth), carry, lead (forth)). Hence the definition of the Hebrew word: (תֵּבֵל-"the world"):— fruit bearing or habitable.
(b.) The word: ("the world"-תֵּבֵל) does not provide any description of the
geometrical shape of-the (habitable earth).
(c.) The same can be said for the word: (earth-אֶ֔רֶץ), it is not synonymous to the words: 'sphere', or 'globe', or 'planet'. But rather, it emphasizes (ground, land). Remember, in Genesis 1:10 “...God called the dry land, Earth-אֶ֔רֶץ (’e-reṣ)-land, earth).
(d.) Thru the manipulation of Hollywood and craftiness of words, you have been led to believe that (world) & (earth) are synonymous to (-globe, -planet:— a spherical shape).
(B11) Note: Do not confuse:
(habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth)
with:
(inhabited (i.e. occupied // populated) earth)
(B12) Note: The Hebrew word: (H8398 תֵּבֵל-"the world") can be found twenty-two (22) times. below are two (2) examples:
(B13) 1 Samuel 2:8
8 “He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of-מְצֻקֵי (mə-ṣu-qê)-any thing fixed, a fixture, (the supports of the earth) the earth-אֶרֶץ (’e-reṣ,)-earth, land) are the LORD'S, and he hath set-וַיָּשֶׁת (way-yā-šeṯ)-to set, put, place) H8398 the world-תֵּבֵל (tê-ḇêl,)-fruit bearing or habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth) upon them-עֲלֵיהֶם (‘ă-lê-hem)-on, upon, above, over).”
(B14) Note: This verse alone opposes much of what mainstream science has to say. Mainstream science would like you to believe that the earth is a sphere, floating in 'space', and that there is a metal core at the earth's center.
(B15) Psalms 93:1-2
1 “The LORD reigneth, he is clothed with Majesty, the LORD is clothed with strength, wherewith he hath girded himself: H8398 the world-תֵּבֵל (tê-ḇêl,)-fruit bearing or habitable earth) also H3559 is stablished-תִּכּוֹן (tik-kō-wn)-firmly established, fixed, be firm), that it cannot-בַּל־ (bal-)-properly, a failure; by implication nothing; usually (adverb) not at all) be moved-תִּמּֽוֹט (tim-mō-wṭ.)-to be moved, (by implication, to slip, shake, fall:—be carried, cast, be out of course)). 2 Thy throne H3559 is established-נָכוֹן (nā-ḵō-wn)-to be formed, prepared, be set up, established) //of old (Heb. from then): thou art from everlasting.”
(B16) Note: Both, (is stablished-תִּכּוֹן) & (is established-נָכוֹן) share the same Strong's number: H3559. The difference is in the the inflection and application of these two Hebrew words.
(B17) H3559-is stablished-תִּכּוֹן Psalms 93:1
(Hebrew Verb: Niphal Imperfect (yiqtol) 3rd Person Feminine Singular)
OR, ["she-is-being-established"]
(B18) H3559-is established-נָכוֹן Psalms 93:2
(Hebrew Verb: Niphal Participle Active Masculine Singular Absolute)
OR, ["one-being-established"]
(B19) Note: For more about the differences between:
(H3559-is stablished) & (H3559-is established) in section (2d).
(B20) Note: The following three Hebrew words:
(תֵּבֵל-the world) & (תִּכּוֹן-is stablished) & (תִּמּֽוֹט-it be moved)
share the following Inflection:
תֵּבֵל-the world:—Feminine, Singular: ["habitance"]
תִּכּוֹן-is stablished:—Feminine, Singular: ["she-is-being-established"]
תִּמּֽוֹט-it cannot be moved:—Third Person, Feminine, Singular: no ["she-shall-slip"]
that is, the focus is placed upon the:
H8398 the world-תֵּבֵל (tê-ḇêl,)-'habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth'; and not: upon the inhabitants (as some suppose it to be). OR, the habitable earth is stablished that it cannot be moved.
Compare to:
(B21) 1 Samuel 2:8, the same Hebrew word: (תֵּבֵל-the world) is also used:
8“...for the pillars of-מְצֻקֵי (mə-ṣu-qê)-any thing fixed, a fixture, (the supports of the earth)) the earth-אֶרֶץ (’e-reṣ,)-earth, land) are the LORD'S, and he hath set-וַיָּשֶׁת (way-yā-šeṯ)-to set, put, place) the world-תֵּבֵל-fruit bearing or habitable earth) upon them-עֲלֵיהֶם (‘ă-lê-hem)-on, upon, over).”
(B22) The Hebrew word: (H4690-מְצֻקֵי-the pillars of) does not mean "columns", but a fixture. Both: (מְצֻקֵי-the pillars of) & (עֲלֵיהֶם-upon them) are in the Plural.
OR, "...the fixtures of the earth ..."
(B23) Note: More over, the 'root word' for the Hebrew word: (H4690-מְצֻקֵי-the pillars of) is the Hebrew word: (H6693-צוּק-tsûwq), which is a primitive root; to compress, constrain, press upon.
OR,
[amplified]
("...the [press upon fixtures] of the earth are the LORD'S, and he hath set-וַיָּשֶׁת (way-yā-šeṯ)-to set, put, place) the world-תֵּבֵל-fruit bearing or habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth) upon them-עֲלֵיהֶם (‘ă-lê-hem)-on, upon, over)....").
(B24) Note: In Job 38:4, they are called ("foundations of the earth").
4 “//Where wast thou (Hebr. make me know) when I laid the foundations of-בְּיָסְדִי־ (bə-yā-sə-ḏî-)-to found, lay a foundation, establish) the earth-אָרֶץ (’ā-reṣ;)-earth, land)? declare, //if thou hast understanding (Hebr. if thou knowest).”
(B25) Note: In Job 38:6, the ("foundations") are said to be secured to something else.
6 “Whereuponמָהעַל־ (al-māh)-on to what, upon what) are the //foundations thereof-אֲדָנֶיהָ (’ă-ḏā-ne-hā)-socket, ((in the sense of strength); a basis (of a building, a column, etc.):—foundation, socket) (Hebr. sockets) //fastened-הָטְבָּעוּ (hā-ṭə-bā-‘ū;)-to be sunk, (a primitive root; to sink:—fasten, settle, sink) (Hebr. made to sink)? or who laid the corner stone thereof?”
(B26) Note: Psalms 24:1 makes a distinction between (the world) and (they that dwell therein).
1 “A Psalm of David. The earth is the LORD'S, and the fulness thereof; the world-תֵּבֵל (tê-ḇêl,)-fruit bearing or habitable earth), and they that dwell-וְיֹשְׁבֵי (wə-yō-šə-ḇê)-to sit down or still, (by implication, to dwell, to remain) therein.”
(B27) Note: Did you notice the contrast between:
(H776-The earth-earth, land) & (H4393-and the fulness thereof).
As well of
(H8398-the world-fruit bearing or habitable (i.e. fit to live in) earth) &
(H3427-they that dwell therein).
(B28) Note: Do not assume the word: (H8398-the world) automatically includes (they that dwell therein). The (H8398-world) simply describes a habitable (i.e. fit to live in) earth (land). Neither do the words: (world) & (earth) offer a geometrical description of the shape of (the world/earth).
(B29) Compare to: Psalms 33:8
8 “Let all the earth fear the LORD: let all H3427-the inhabitants of-יֹשְׁבֵי (yō-šə-ḇê)-to sit still, or down, dwell, inhabit) H8398-the world-יֹשְׁבֵי (ṯê-ḇêl.)-fruit bearing or habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth) stand in awe of him.”
(B30) Note: The (earth) & (world) describe our home, that is, it has land and its habitable. While (the fulness thereof) & (they that dwell therein // the inhabitants of) allude to everyone and/or everything that resides therein.
(B31) Back to Psalms 93:1.
“... The world also is stablished, that it cannot be moved. ...”
(B32) Note: The Hebrew words: (תִּכּוֹן-is stablished) & (תִּמּֽוֹט-it be moved) are in the Imperfect. Definition of the Imperfect:
Generally designates an action which is continuous, incomplete, or open-ended. Rather than depicting an action as a single event, the imperfect depicts it as a continuing process. It is therefore typically translated as a present “He is running” or a future “He will be running,” although it can sometimes be translated as a continuous past “He was running.” The meaning of the imperfect therefore has more to do with how an action took place than with when it took place. The imperfect is most often treated as a present or future because it is easier to think of present or future events as incomplete and open-ended than it is to think of past actions that way.
Meaning, the words:
(“...the world-(habitable earth) also is stablished-(firmly established, fixed, be firm), that it cannot be moved...”):— are a 'continuous action'-(Imperfect).
(B33) Note: Below is another verse with the word:
(the world) but in conjunction with the word: (established)
(B34) Jeremiah 10:12
“He hath made the earth by his power, he hath established-מֵכִין (mê-ḵîn)-to be formed, prepared, be set up, established) the world-תֵּבֵל (tê-ḇêl)-fruit bearing or habitable earth) by his wisdom, and hath stretched out the heavens by his discretion.”
(B35) Note: Jeremiah 10:12 is about the creation:
(a.) made the earth by his power. (b.) established the world by his wisdom (c.) stretched out the heavens by his discretion.
(B36) Conclusion.
There is a difference between the words:
(H3559-stablished-firmly established, fixed, be firm)
&
(H3559-established-to be formed, prepared, be set up, established)
The translators of the 1611 AV were wise in making a distinction between
the words: (stablished) & (established), so that you can better understand in what manner this words are used.
(B37) Summary.
(B38) Psalms 93:1,
(“...H8398-the world-(habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth) also H3559-is stablished-(firmly stablished, fixed, be firm), that it cannot be moved,...”)
(B39) Jeremiah 10:12,
(“...H3559-he hath established-to be formed, prepared, be set up, established) H8398-the world-(habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth) by his wisdom,...”)
(B40) Note: And even though (Psalms 93:1) & (Jeremiah 10:12) share the same Strong's Number (H3559) for the words: (stablished) & (established), the proper definition for these two words is based upon the context.
(B41) Note: As a reminder, the Strong's Number: (H3559 כּוּן kûwn) is a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular). Perhaps you can understand why the definition can be several.
(B42) Note: And finally, I give you two (2) additional examples of the differences between:
(stablished-Psalms 148:6) & (established-Proverbs 16:3):
(B43) Psalms 148:4-6
4 “Praise him, ye heavens of heavens: and ye waters that be above-מֵעַל (mê-‘al)-above, over) the heavens-הַשָּׁמָֽיִם (haš-šā-mā-yim.)-heavens, (heaved up things), visible heavens, sky). 5 Let them praise the Name of the LORD: for he commanded, and they were created. 6 H3559-He hath also stablished-וַיַּעֲמִידֵם (way-ya-‘ă-mî-ḏêm)-firmly established, fixed, be firm) them for ever and ever: he hath made a decree which shall not pass.”
(B44) Note: Notice it does not say: "and ye waters that be in the heavens".
(B45) Note: Compare to Job 26:8
“He bindeth up-צֹרֵֽר־ (ṣō-rêr-)-to compress) the waters in his thick clouds-בְּעָבָיו (bə-‘ā-ḇāw;)-thick cloud, (mass of clouds), of density), and the cloud is not rent under them.”
(B46) Note: The word: (in his thick clouds) is supported by the Hebrew word: (בְּעָבָיו), which is a Preposition.
I do not endorse the 'LXX Septuagint', but for those who do, it is the Greek Preposition (ἐν): A primary preposition denoting (fixed) position (in place, time or state). OR,
(ἐν-in) (αὐτοῦ-his) (νεφέλαις-thick clouds).
Below is a Greek Preposition chart. The Greek preposition: (ἐν) is highlighted in yellow, inside the cube, or He bindeth up the waters in his thick clouds.
Furthermore, in Psalms 148:4, the 'LXX Septuagint' uses
the Greek word: (ὑπεράνω) for the Hebrew word: (מֵעַל):
OR,
(“... and ye waters that be above-(H-מֵעַל//G-ὑπεράνω) the heavens ...”)
The Greek word: (ὑπεράνω) is a compound of two Greek Prepositions:
(ὑπέρ hupĕr-up, over, above, beyond) + (ἄνω ánō-upward or on the top:—above, high, up).
(B47) Note: A good example of the Greek word: (ὑπεράνω) can be found in:
Ephesians 1:20-21.
20 “Which he wrought in Christ when he raised him from the dead, and set him at his own right hand in the heavenly places, 21 Far above-ὑπεράνω (huperano) all principality, and power, and might, and dominion, and every name that is named, not only in this world, but also in that which is to come:”
(B48) Note: Again, Psalms 148:4 does not say:
“...and ye waters that be in the heavens..."
but rather,
“...and ye waters that be (above-מֵעַל//ὑπεράνω) the heavens..."
(B49) Proverbs 16:3
3 “Commit thy works unto the LORD, H3559-and thy thoughts shall be established-וְיִכֹּנוּ (wə-yik-kō-nū,)-to be formed, prepared, be set up, established).”
(C1) Genesis 1:14-18
16 “And God made-וַיַּעַשׂ (way-ya-‘aś)-to be made, (often of God's making (creating)) two great-הַגְּדֹלִים (hag-gə-ḏō-lîm;)-great) lights-הַמְּאֹרֹת (ham-mə-’ō-rōṯ)-light giver): the greater-הַגָּדֹל (hag-gā-ḏōl)-great, (great (in any sense)) light-הַמָּא֤וֹר (ham-mā-’ō-wr)-light giver) //to rule the day (Hebr. for the rule of the day), and the lesser-הַקָּטֹן (haq-qā-ṭōn)-little, small, (i.e. diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number)) light-הַמָּא֤וֹר (ham-mā-’ō-wr)-light giver) to rule the night: he made the stars also.”
(C2) Note: The (the greater light) is the sun, and (the lesser light) is the moon. Unlike mainstream science, who would want you to believe in 'the giant-impact theory', sometimes called the 'Big Splash', or 'the Theia Impact'. It proposes that the Moon formed during a collision between the Earth and another small planet, about the size of Mars. The debris from this impact collected in an orbit around Earth to form the Moon.
(C3) Note: Again, God made the two lights, and the stars, not: some
(-theoretical, -hypothetical, -conceptual) Big Bang explosion. I speak to you my Christian brother.
(C4) Note: Consider Matthew 24:29, it reads: “Immediately after the tribulation of those days, shall the Sun-ἥλιος (helios)-sun, solar light) be darkened-σκοτισθήσεται (skotisthesetai)-to be darkened, made dark, (to darken; passive, to be covered with darkness, be darkened), and the Moon-σελήνη (selene)-the moon, (brilliancy; probably akin to the alternate of G138, through the idea of attractiveness); the moon:—moon) shall not-οὐ (ou)-no, not, (the absolute negative)) give-δώσει (dosei)-to give, (produce, give forth from oneself) her-αὐτῆς (autes)-of her, (the reflexive pronoun self) light-φέγγος (pheggos)-splendour, brightness, a shinning light), and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken.”
(C5) Note: In case you were unaware, the word: 'heliocentric' was taken from the Greek word: (ἡλίῳ-(helio)), which means "Sun", OR,
(helio)-Sun (centric)-center/central/at the center. The 'heliocentric model' is an inversion of God's true cosmology. This model was introduced in the 1500's.
(D) Genesis 1:14-18
17 “And God set-וַיִּתֵּן (way-yit-tên)-to give, put, set, lay) them in the firmament of-בִּרְקִיעַ (bir-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament) the heaven-הַשָּׁמָיִם (haš-šā-mā-yim;)-heavens (heaved up things), (visible heavens, sky (as aloft), to give light-לְהָאִיר (lə-hā-’îr)-to cause or give light) upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-on, upon, over) the earth-הָאָֽרֶץ (hā-’ā-reṣ.)-Earth, land):”
(D1) Note: The English word: (in the firmament) is supported by the Hebrew word: (בִּרְקִיעַ); which is a Preposition.
(D2) Note: In Genesis 1:8, God calls the firmament: Heaven.
“And God called the firmament, Heaven: And the evening and the morning were the second day.” Please note that the word: (firmament) is in the singular, but the word: (Heaven) is in the plural. OR,
“And God called the firmament, ["heavens"]...
(D3) Note: The Hebrew word: (הַשָּׁמָיִם-the heaven) is in the Plural:
Hebrew, Noun: Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute OR,
“And God set them in the firmament of ["the-heavens"],...”.
However, the same heaven is in view here; as aloft. This type of expression is also used for other words such as:
(waters)-Genesis 1:6 & (Seas)-Genesis 1:10. (skies)-2 Samuel 22:12
(D4) Note: There is a mention of a third heaven in:
2 Corinthians 12:2
2 “I knew a man in Christ above fourteen years ago, whether in the body, I cannot tell, or whether out of the body, I cannot tell, God knoweth: such an one, caught up to the third heaven. 3 And I knew such a man (whether in the body, or out of the body, I cannot tell, God knoweth.) 4 How that he was caught up into Paradise, and heard unspeakable words, which it is not //lawful (Or, possible) for a man to utter.”
(D5) Note: The word: (heaven) in 2 Corinthians 12:2 is in the singular. OR,
“...such an one, caught up to the third ["heaven"]...”
(E1) Genesis 1:14-18
18 “And to rule-וְלִמְשֹׁל (wə-lim-šōl)-to rule, (have dominion, reign)) over the day, and over the night, and to divide the light from the darkness: and God saw that it was good.”
(E2) Note: As you can see brothers, The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is not in harmony with the word of God.
(E3) Note: Did you know, the Hebrew word: (נָשָׁא-nāšā') means: to beguile, deceive. This Hebrew word has the Strong's Number: H5377, and it is first used in Genesis 3:13
“And the LORD God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The Serpent-הַנָּחָשׁ (han-nā-ḥāš)-a serpent, (as crafty tempter) H5377-beguiled me-הִשִּׁיאַנִי (hiš-šî-’a-nî)-a primitive root; to lead astray, i.e. (mentally) to delude, or (morally) to seduce:—beguile, deceive), and I did eat.”
(E4) Note: Brothers, you should by now what Genesis 3 says about the Serpent; he is a 'double-tongue' creature; a deceiver.
Genesis 3:1
1 “Now the serpent-וְהַנָּחָשׁ (wə-han-nā-ḥāš)-a snake (from its hiss):—serpent, (as a crafty tempter) was more subtil-עָרוּם (‘ā-rūm,)-cunning (usually in a bad sense):—crafty, prudent, subtil) than any beast of the field, which the LORD God had made, And he said unto the woman, Yea, hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden?”
(E5) Note: The Hebrew word: (H5175 וְהַנָּחָשׁ) OR,
וְ[Now] הַ[the] (H5175 נָּחָשׁ[serpent]), stems from the root word:
(H5172 נָּחָשׁ -naw-khash'; a primitive root; properly, to hiss, i.e. whisper a (magic) spell; generally, to prognosticate.
A Strong Firmament.
(F) Strong as molten looking glass.
(F1) Job 37:18
18 “Hast thou with him spread out-תַּרְקִיעַ (tar-qî-a‘)-to (cause) to spread out or over) the sky-לִשְׁחָקִים (liš-ḥā-qîm;)-small dust, thin cloud, (a powder (as beaten small); by analogy, a thin vapor; by extension, the firmament:—cloud, small dust, heaven, sky), which is strong-חֲזָקִים (ḥă-zā-qîm,)-strong, hard), and H7209-as a H3220-molten-מוּצָֽק (mū-ṣāq.)-to be poured out, cast firm, (a primitive root; properly, to pour out; by implication, to melt or cast) looking glass-כִּרְאִי (kir-’î)-looking glass, (a mirror (as seen):—looking glass)?”
(F2) Note: The Hebrew word: (H7209-כִּרְאִי-as looking glass) cannot be found elsewhere, nor other inflections of H7209; it is a unique word. However, the Hebrew word: (H7209-כִּרְאִי) has its roots from the Hebrew word: (H7200 רָאָה râʼâh), a primitive root; 'to see'.
(F3) H3220-מוּצָֽק-molten
(F4) Note: The Hebrew word:
(“...which is strong, and as a H3220-מוּצָֽק-molten looking glass?” )
can be found seven (7) times.
Below is one (1) Examples.
(F5) 1 Kings 7:23
23 “And he made a H3220-molten-מוּצָק (mū-ṣāq;)-to be poured out, cast firm, (properly, to pour out; by implication, to melt or cast)) Sea-הַיָּם (hay-yām)-sea (the great basin in temple-court, called 'the bronze sea'), ten cubits-בָּאַמָּה (bā-’am-māh)-cubit, (a measure of distance (the forearm), roughly 18 in ea.) //from the one brim to the other (Hebr. from his brim, to his brim): it was round-עָגֹל (‘ā-ḡōl)-round) all about-סָבִיב (sā-ḇîḇ,)-round about, around, compass), and his height was five cubits: and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about. 24 And under the brim of it round about there were knops compassing it, ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about: the knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast. 25 It stood-עֹמֵד (‘ō-mêḏ)-to stand, stand still or fast) upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-on, upon) twelve oxen-בָּקָר (bā-qār,)-oxen, cattle, herd (of the twelve brazen bulls beneath the sea in Solomon's temple), three looking toward the North, and three looking toward the West, and three looking toward the South, and three looking toward the East: and the Sea was set above-מִלְמָעְלָה (mil-mā-‘ə-lāh;)-from on, or upon) upon them, and all their hinder parts were inward. 26 And it was an hand breadth-טֶפַח (ṭe-p̄aḥ,)-hand breath, (a spread of the hand, i.e. a palm-breadth (not 'span' of the fingers)) thick-וְעָבְיוֹ (wə-‘ā-ḇə-yōw)-thickness, (density, i.e. width; of the molten sea), and the brim thereof was wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies: it contained two thousand-אַלְפַּיִם (’al-pa-yim)-a thousand (numeral)) Baths-בַּת (baṯ)-a measure for fluids, (each bath is about 9 imperial gallons or 40 litres).”
(F6) Note: In case you haven't figured it out:
-
“ten [10] cubits from the one brim to the other” is the Diameter.
-
height was five [5] cubits same as the Radius.
-
“a line of thirty [30] cubits did compass it round about” is the Circumference.
-
“it was an hand breadth thick” is the Thickness.
-
“it contained two thousand [2,000] baths” is the Volume.
(F7) Note: (a.) Don't you find it peculiar that the same Hebrew word: (H3220-molten-מוּצָק), which is used to describe the strong firmament in
Job 37:18, is also used in 1 Kings 7:23 to describe a strong molten basin; which just happens to be the formula for a 'half sphere' (hemispherical). OR,
Radius r = diameter ÷ 2
r = 10 cubits ÷ 2
r = 5 cubits
Circumference c = 2 × π × radius
c= 2 × 3.14159 (π)
c= 6 × 5 cubits (r)
c= 30 cubits
Diameter d = radius × 2
d = 5 cubits × 2
d = 10 cubits
Height h = 2r
h = 5 cubits
(b.) If we can find the radius or diameter of the circle earth, then we find the circumference and height.
(c.) The reference: (it was an hand breadth thick) might be a clue as to how thick the firmament might be.
(d.) To be fair, some believe the shape of the molten basin to be other than a hemisphere. (1.) The point of contention lies with the shape of the body of the molten brazen. (2.) I argue that because the Height is the same as the Radius, then a hemisphere is a better description for the molten brazen. Others believe it to be a cylinder or a bulging shape. (3.) Another variable that should be factored in are the 2,000 baths for the volume. However, even this point alone has caused disagreement, as there is not a universal conversion chart for a (cubit) & (bath).
(e.) Perhaps a clue for the shape of the brazen might be found in the phrase:
(“... ten cubits from the one brim to the other: it was round all about, ...”)
Remember, the italicized words (it was) have no textual support.
The question then is, what do the words: (H5996-round-עָגֹל (‘ā-ḡōl)-round) H5439-all about-סָבִיב (sā-ḇîḇ,)-round about, around, compass)) make reference to? Is it:
(1.) to the Diameter: (ten cubits from the one brim to the other), which makes the rim 'round all about' according to the Circumference of 30 cubits.
(2.) to a cylinder-like shape, with a circular base at the bottom.
(3.) to a round shape object, like a hemisphere.
(4.) it is most probable that the words: (round all about) point back to the Circumference of the rim and not to the shape of the body.
(5.) the height of 5 cubits can still be true for (2.) & (3.)
(f.) The cross reference to 1 Kings 7:23 is 2 Chronicles 4.
(g.) Of course, all of the above is just an observation.
(F8) Note: A topic that might interest you: 'Operation Fishbowl':— in connection to the firmament. The irony... fishbowl.
Joshua 10:12-14
(G) Behold! the Sun & Moon stood still.
(G1) Joshua 10:12-14
12 “Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said-וַיֹּאמֶר (way-yō-mer)-to say, lift up the voice) in the sight of-לְעֵינֵי (lə-‘ê-nê)-eye) Israel, Sun-שֶׁמֶשׁ (meš)-a ministrant, the sun, (from an unused root meaning to be brilliant), //stand thou still-דּוֹם (dō-wm,)-be still, motionless, stand still) (Hebr. be silent) upon Gibeon-בְּגִבְעוֹן (bə-ḡiḇ-‘ō-wn)-Gibeon = "hill city", a place in Palestine:—Gibeon), and thou Moon-וְיָרֵחַ (wə-yā-rê-aḥ)-moon, wandering) in the valley of Ajalon.”
(G2) Note: A cross-reference to this event can be found in the book of Habakkuk 3:11 “The Sun and Moon stood still in their habitation-זְבֻלָה (zə-ḇu-lāh;)-habitation, (a residence:—dwell in, dwelling, habitation): at the light of thine arrows they went, and at the shining of thy glittering spear.”
(G3) Note: A The Hebrew word: (H2073-זְבֻלָה-in habitation) has its roots from the Strong's Number: (H2082-זָבַל (zâbal)); a primitive root; apparently properly, to inclose, to inhabit i.e. to reside:—dwell with.
(G4) Note: Although I do not endorse the 'Apocrypha' books, there is a cross-reference to this account in the book of Ecclesiasticus 46:4-6
“Did not the Sunne goe backe by his meanes? and was not one day as long as two?”
(G5) Note: According to the 'Heliocentric model', this is not possible. If the earth was a spinning sphere or an 'oblate spheroid', then it would mean that the earth had to stop moving, and yet, it was the sun and the moon that ceased to move. Perhaps you can understand as to why the sun and the moon revolve above us.
(G6) Note: This event was no secret, it was witnessed by many, by both, Israelites and Amorites. As well as the command that Joshua gave to the sun and the moon: (he said in the sight (i.e. That is, in the presence and audience) of Israel...). Any attempts to label this account as symbolic or poetic, should be dismissed.
(H1) Joshua 10:12-14
13 “And the Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (haš-še-meš)-a ministrant, the sun, (from an unused root meaning to be brilliant) stood still-וַיִּדֹּם (way-yid-dōm)-be still, motionless, stand still), and the Moon-וְיָרֵחַ (wə-yā-rê-aḥ)-moon, wandering) stayed-עָמָד (‘ā-māḏ,)-to stand, stand still, (stop, cease moving), until-עַד־ (‘aḏ-)-till, up to, (of time (during, while, until)) the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of //Jasher (Or, the upright)? So the Sun stood still-וַיַּעֲמֹד (way-ya-‘ă-mōḏ)-stand still, stop, cease moving) in the midst of-בַּחֲצִי (ba-ḥă-ṣî)-half, middle, midst) heaven-הַשָּׁמַיִם (haš-šā-ma-yim,)-heavens, (heaved up things), (visible heavens, sky (as aloft)), and hasted-אָץ (’āṣ)-to hasten, press, make haste, ((by implication) be in a hurry to) not-וְלֹא־ (wə-lō-)-no, not) to go down-לָבוֹא (lā-ḇō-w)-to go in, (of sun, set (go in, enter), about a whole-תָּמִֽים (tā-mîm.)-whole, complete, entire, (of time: day)) day-כְּיוֹם (kə-yō-wm)-day, (a full day).”
(H2) Note: And the sun stood still — God heard Joshua’s request, and gave him the thing he asked for, a prolongation of the day to near twice the length of any other day. This is the fact here attested, and this we are bound to believe on the divine testimony. But as to the manner in which this wonderful miracle was accomplished, God has not informed us; and to make inquiries concerning it would be a mere waste of time, being beyond our discovery and comprehension. -(Benson Commentary) BH
(H3) Note: The sun stood still (i.e., stopped) in the midst of heaven.—Literally, in the half of the heavens—i.e., either “in the midst of heaven,” or “in the same *hemisphere” (in the one-half of the heavens).-(Ellicott's Commentary) BH
*Did you know, the word: (hemisphere) means half. OR, half-sphere.
(H4) Note: So the sun stood still: here is no mention of the moon, because the sun’s standing was the only thing which Joshua desired and needed; and the moon’s standing he desired only by accident, to prevent irregularity in the motions of those celestial lights. Some take this to be but a poetical phrase and relation of the victory, that Joshua did so many and such great things in that day, as if the sun and moon had stood still and given him longer time for it. But the frequent repetition and magnificent declaration of this wonder manifestly confutes that fancy. That the sun and moon did really stand still, is affirmed, Habakkuk 3:11; /APC Ecclesiasticus (Sira) 46:5,6.-(Matthew Pool's Commentary) BH
(H5) Note: The word: (about a day) is a 'Preposition', and it is supported by the Hebrew word: (כְּיוֹם). It is often used as a preposition of comparison attached to its Noun—(a day). Quantitatively, especially with numbers and time it can mean "about." The Adjective—(whole) modifies the Noun—(a day). OR,
“...and hasted not to go down
about-(Preposition) a whole-(Adjective) day-(Noun).”
The Adjective—(whole) shows that (the sun) and (the moon) stood still in the midst of heaven (about) 24 hours, (or, "a whole day").
(H6) Note: An example of the Hebrew word: (H935-לָבוֹא-to go down) can be found in:
Genesis 15:12 “And when the Sun was H935-going down-לָבוֹא, a deep sleep fell upon Abram: and lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.”
(H7) Note: Other verses that also confirm (the sun) as rising, moving and setting:
(H8) Genesis 15:17
17“And it came to pass that when the Sun H935-went down-בָּאָה, and it was dark, behold, a smoking furnace, and a burning lamp that passed between those pieces.”
Inflection: (Hebrew Verb: Qal Perfect, (qatal) 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular)
(H9) Exodus 22:26
26“If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun H935-goeth down-בֹּא.”
Inflection: (Hebrew Verb: Qal Infinitive, Construct)
(H10) Judges 14:18
18 “And the men of the city said unto him on the seventh day before the sun H935-went down-יָבֹא, What is sweeter than honey? and what is stronger than a lion? And he said unto them, If ye had not plowed with my heifer, ye had not found out my riddle.”
Inflection: (Hebrew Verb: Qal Imperfect (yiqtol) 3rd Person Masculine Singular)
(H11) Ecclesiastes 1:5
4“One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever. 5 The Sun also ariseth-וְזָרַח (wə-zā-raḥ)-to rise, burst forth, come forth, (specifically, to appear (e.g. as a symptom of leprosy)), H935-and the Sun goeth down-וּבָא (ū-ḇā)-to go in), and //hasteth-שׁוֹאֵף (šō-w-’êp̄)-to pan, (a primitive root; to inhale eagerly, gasp) (Hebr. panteth) to-מְקוֹמוֹ (wə-’el-)-unto, to, toward, (properly, denoting motion towards) his place-מְקוֹמוֹ (mə-qō-w-mōw,)-a place of standing, (i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific))) where he arose.”
Inflection: (Hebrew Verb: Qal Sequential Perfect (weqatal) 3rd Person Masculine Singular)
(H12) Note: The Hebrew words: (וְזָרַח-also ariseth) & (וּבָא-and goeth down) are inflected in the Sequential Perfect. Definition of the Sequential Perfect: A Sequential Perfect verb often expresses the same kinds of action as the Imperfect conjugation, but it also connects to an earlier verb to form either a sequence of time or a sequence of thought. However, in Biblical Hebrew a Sequential Perfect verb has an additional and unique potential to express the same kind of action as the verb immediately preceding it [(i.e. also ariseth)].
In other words, (The Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ), not: the sun's (-light, -rays, -brightness), follows a sequential order. Meaning, it (The [actual] Sun) comes and goes.
(H13) Note: The Hebrew word: (הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ-The Sun) is inflected in the Absolute State. Definition of the Absolute: (a.) The absolute state is the standard form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to a modified form called the construct state. (b.) when a term stands alone and is not grammatically connected to another word, it appears in the Absolute state. This category includes terms such as a subject/object of a verb or relative phrase, adjectives, adverbial nouns, etc. (c.) A word in the Absolute state can take a prefix but not a suffix (e.g. the sun's (-light -rays -radiance -brightness)).
(H14) Note: Compare verses (4) & (5):
verse (4)
“One generation passeth away-הֹלֵךְ (hō-lêḵ)-to go on), and another generation cometh-בָּא (bā,)-to come in): ...”
verse (5)
“The Sun also ariseth-וְזָרַח (wə-zā-raḥ)-to rise, burst forth, come forth, (specifically, to appear (e.g. as a symptom of leprosy)), and the Sun goeth down-וּבָא (ū-ḇā)-to go in), ...”
OR,
One generation cometh-to come in) // passeth away-to go on)
The Sun also ariseth-come forth) // goeth down-to go in)
(H15) Note: The keyword that connects both verses is: (also) which is supported by the Hebrew word: (וְזָרַח); which is a Conjunction. OR, (also-וְזָרַח ariseth-וְזָרַח).
'The Sun' is like a generation that comes and goes in perpetuity.
(H16) Note: ***The sun also riseth — The sun is in perpetual motion, rising, setting, and rising again, and so constantly repeating its course in all succeeding days, and years, and ages;- (Benson Commentary) BH
(H17) Note: ***hasteth — it "pants", as the word (t) signifies; the same figure is used by other writers (u); like a man out of breath with running; so this glorious body, which rejoiceth as a strong man to run his race, and whose circuit is from one end of the heavens to the other, Psalm 19:4-6; is in haste to get to the place where he rose in the morning, and there he makes no stop, but pursues his course in the same track again. -(Gill's Exposition) BH
(H18) Note: In contrast, the phrase: “the light of the sun”, can only be found twice (2), once in the Old Testament (Hebrew text), and once in the New Testament (Greek text).
(H19) Isaiah 30:26.
26 “Moreover the light of-אֽוֹר־ (’ō-wr-)-light) the Moon shall be as the light of-כְּאוֹר (kə-’ō-wr)-light) the Sun, and the light of-וְאוֹר (wə-’ō-wr)-light) the Sun shall be sevenfold, as the light of seven days, in the day that the LORD bindeth up the breach of his people, and healeth the stroke of their wound.”
(H20) Revelation 22:5
5 “And there shall be no night there, and they need no candle, neither light of-φωτὸς (photos)-light, radiance, (to shine or make manifest, especially by rays) the sun, for the Lord God giveth them light, and they shall reign for ever and ever.”
(H21) Note: See, I have given you two examples, one from the Hebrew text, and another from the Greek text. When the scriptures want to draw focus to the 'sun's light' or 'light of the sun', it does so clearly.
But when the scriptures shift the focus to (the Sun) only, we should not redefine or assume it to mean:
"the Sun's light" // "the Sun's brightness" // "the Sun's rays" //
"light of the Sun" // "radiance of the Sun" // "rays of the Sun".
(H22) Note: Ecclesiastes 1:5 does not read: “The [light/rays/radiance of the] Sun also ariseth, and the [light/rays/radiance of the] Sun goeth down, ...”
But rather,
5 “The Sun also ariseth-וְזָרַח (wə-zā-raḥ)-to rise, burst forth, come forth, (specifically, to appear (e.g. as a symptom of leprosy)), and the Sun goeth down-וּבָא (ū-ḇā)-to go in), and //hasteth-שׁוֹאֵף (šō-w-’êp̄)-to pan, (a primitive root; to inhale eagerly, gasp) (Hebr. panteth) to-מְקוֹמוֹ (wə-’el-)-unto, to, toward, (properly, denoting motion towards) his place-מְקוֹמוֹ (mə-qō-w-mōw,)-a place of standing, (i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific))) where he arose.”
(H23) Note: Learn now, the Hebrew word:
(The Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) OR, (The-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) is inflected in the Absolute state. Definition of the (Absolute): (a.) The absolute state is the standard form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to a modified form called the construct state. (b.) when a term stands alone and is not grammatically connected to another word, it appears in the Absolute state. This category includes terms such as a subject/object of a verb or relative phrase, adjectives, adverbial nouns, etc. (c.) A word in the Absolute state can take a prefix but not a suffix (e.g. the sun's (-light -rays -radiance -brightness)).
OR,
The inflection for the Hebrew word:
(H8121-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ-The Sun also ariseth ...") is:
הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Speech: Particle, Type: Definite Article : ["the"]
+
הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Speech: Noun, Type: Common, Gender: Both, Number: Singular,
State: Absolute : ["sun"]
OR,
[Amplified]
“H8121-The [very] Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ also ariseth-וְזָרַח (wə-zā-raḥ)-to rise, burst forth, come forth, (specifically, to appear (e.g. as a symptom of leprosy)), and
H8121-the [very] Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ goeth down-וּבָא (ū-ḇā)-to go in), and //hasteth-שׁוֹאֵף (šō-w-’êp̄)-to pan, (a primitive root; to inhale eagerly, gasp) (Hebr. panteth) to-מְקוֹמוֹ (wə-’el-)-unto, to, toward, (properly, denoting motion towards) his place-מְקוֹמוֹ (mə-qō-w-mōw,)-a place of standing, (i.e. a spot; but used widely of a locality (general or specific))) where he arose.”
(H24) Note: But, according to 'Pseudoscience', the sun & moon do not (revolve, circulate (-above, -over) the earth.
(J1) Joshua 10:12-14
14 “And there was no day like that, before it, or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man: for the LORD fought for Israel.”
(J2) Note: As a Christian, you will find yourself between two choices; to believe or disbelieve the above. Remember now, what its impossible with men, its possible with God.
(J3) Note: We should be in agreement that (Joshua) had no power of himself to command (the sun) and (the moon), but that the LORD (hearkened unto the voice of) him. Why? (...for the LORD fought for Israel). However, it should also be noted that (“...there was no day like that, before it, or after it, that the LORD hearkened unto the voice of a man...”).
Under the Sun
(K) H8478- below, underneath, under.
To some, the phrase: "under the sun" is idiomatic, however, it is also a true statement. The phrase: "under the sun" can be found in twenty-seven (27) verses. Below are three (3) examples.
(K1) Ecclesiastes 1:3
3 “What profit hath a man of all his labour which he taketh H8478-under-תַּחַת (ta-ḥaṯ)-under, beneath) the Sun?”
(K2) Note: In light of all of the above, I am compelled to re-enforce what has already been established, the sun & moon (-revolve, -orbit, -circulate (-over, -above) the earth.
(K3) Note: Here is another example of the Hebrew word:
(H8478-תַּחַת (ta-ḥaṯ)) in:
Genesis 7:19
“And the waters prevailed exceedingly upon the earth, and all the high hills, that were H8478-under-תַּחַת (ta-ḥaṯ)-under, beneath) the whole-כָּל־ (kāl-)-all, the whole, entire) heaven-הַשָּׁמָֽיִם (haš-šā-mā-yim.)-heavens, (heaved up things), (visible heavens, sky (as aloft)), were covered.”
(K4) Ecclesiastes 1:14
14“I have seen all the works that are done H8478-under-תַּחַת (ta-ḥaṯ)-under, beneath) the Sun, and behold, all is vanity, and vexation of spirit.”
(K5) Ecclesiastes 5:18
18 “Behold that which I have seen: //it is good and comely (Hebr. there is a good which is comely) for one to eat and to drink, and to enjoy the good of all his labour that he taketh-שֶׁיַּעֲמֹל (še-ya-‘ă-mōl)-a primitive root; to toil, i.e. work severely and with irksomeness:—(take) labour (in)) H8478-under-תַּחַת (ta-ḥaṯ)-under, beneath) the sun, //all the days (Hebr. the number of the days) of his life, which God giveth him: for it is his portion.”
All the Host of Heaven
(L) The sun, and the moon, and the stars.
The phrase: "the host of heaven" can be found nineteen (19) times; (18 times in the Old Testament, and 1 time in the New Testament). In the proper context, "the host of heaven" can also refer to the abode of God
(ex. 1 Kings 22:19).
(L1) Deuteronomy 4:19
19 “And lest thou lift up thine eyes unto heaven, and when thou seest the sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (haš-še-meš)-a ministrant, the sun, (from an unused root meaning to be brilliant)), and the moon-הַיָּרֵחַ (hay-yā-rê-aḥ)-moon, wandering), and the stars-הַכּֽוֹכָבִים (hak-kō-w-ḵā-ḇîm,)-a star, ((in the sense of blazing); a star (as round or as shining)), even all-כֹּל (kōl)-all, the whole) the host of-צְבָא (ṣə-ḇā)-host, service, (by implication, a campaign)) heaven-הַשָּׁמַיִם (haš-šā-ma-yim,)-heavens, (heaved up things), (visible heavens, sky (as aloft)), shouldest be driven to worship them, and serve them, which the LORD thy God hath //divided-חָלַק (ḥā-laq)-to apportion or separate:—divide) (Or, imparted) unto all nations under-תַּחַת (ta-ḥaṯ)-under, beneath) the whole-כָּל־ (kāl-)-all, the whole, entire) heaven.”
(L2) Note: I would like to bring to your attention the word: (all-כֹּל (kōl)), that is, the sun, and the moon, and the stars are (all-כֹּל (kōl)) of the host of heaven. There is no room for (-black holes, -galaxies, -wormholes, -asteroids, -supernovas). I will explain what the word: ("planets") means in the next segment (H).
(L3) Note: The italicized word:
(“...the sun, and the moon, and the stars, even all the host of heaven...”) is not supported by the Hebrew text. Neither does it mean: ("as well as"), but rather, the latter statement (all the host of heaven) is a direct correlation to the preceding statement (the sun, and the moon, and the stars). Consider the following example:
(L4) Genesis 21:10
“Wherefore she said unto Abraham, Cast out this bondwoman, and her son: for the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir with my son, even with Isaac.”
(L5) Note: The italicized word: (even) amplifies who the (son) is: (Isaac). OR,
(the son of this bondwoman shall not be heir
with my son, (-that is to say//-even), with Isaac.)
Do not confuse the italicized word: (even) for ("as well as").
Genesis 21:10 is just one of numerous verses that use the word: (even).
As a reminder, italicized words have no textual support. Translators add them to clarify the meaning of certain phrases.
(L6) Note: Again, the sun, and the moon, and the stars, are all the host of heaven. The lights in the firmament.
(L7) Note: Remember, God made these lights and placed them
(in -בִּרְקִיעַ the firmament of -בִּרְקִיעַ) the heaven.
(L8) Genesis 1:16-17
16 “And God made-וַיַּעַשׂ (way-ya-‘aś)-to be made, (often of God's making (creating)) two great-הַגְּדֹלִים (hag-gə-ḏō-lîm;)-great) lights-הַמְּאֹרֹת (ham-mə-’ō-rōṯ)-light giver): the greater-הַגָּדֹל (hag-gā-ḏōl)-great, (great (in any sense)) light-הַמָּא֤וֹר (ham-mā-’ō-wr)-light giver) //to rule the day (Hebr. for the rule of the day), and the lesser-הַקָּטֹן (haq-qā-ṭōn)-little, small, (i.e. diminutive, literally (in quantity, size or number)) light-הַמָּא֤וֹר (ham-mā-’ō-wr)-light giver) to rule the night: he made the stars also. 17 And God set-וַיִּתֵּן (way-yit-tên)-to give, put, set, lay) them in the firmament of-בִּרְקִיעַ (bir-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament) the heaven-הַשָּׁמָיִם (haš-šā-mā-yim;)-heavens (heaved up things), (visible heavens, sky (as aloft), to give light-לְהָאִיר (lə-hā-’îr)-to cause or give light) upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-on, upon, over) the earth-הָאָֽרֶץ (hā-’ā-reṣ.)-Earth, land):”
(L9) Note: The italicized words: ("he made the stars also") are not supported by the Hebrew text. The Hebrew Text reads:
“...and the lesser light to rule the night: also-וְאֵת the stars-הַכּוֹכָבִֽים...”.
It is true that God created (Or, made) the stars. However, in this context, the lesser light (Or, moon) and also the stars were to rule the night and give light upon the earth. The word: (And God set them) points back to: the sun, and the moon, and the stars.
(L10) Note: Read it carefully: (And God set-וַיִּתֵּן (way-yit-tên)-to give, put, set, lay) them in the firmament of-בִּרְקִיעַ (bir-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament) the heaven to give light upon the earth).
God made these lights exclusively-(to the exclusion of others; only; solely)
to give light upon the earth.
Planets
(M) The Constellations.
(M1) 2 Kings 23:5
5 “And he //put down (Hebr. caused to cease) the //idolatrous priests (Hebr. Chemarim) whom the kings of Judah had ordained to burn incense in the high places, in the cities of Judah and in the places round about Jerusalem: them also that burned incense unto Baal, to the Sun, and to the Moon, and to the //Planets-וְלַמַּזָּלוֹת (wə-lam-maz-zā-lō-wṯ,)-constellations, ( i.e. Zodiacal sign)) (Or, twelve signs or constellations), and to all the host of heaven.”
(M2) Note: The Planets (Or, constellations) are a group of stars
in-(בִּרְקִיעַ) the firmament-(בִּרְקִיעַ).
These lights, (i.e. the sun, the moon, and stars) serve a purpose.
In Genesis 1:14 it reads:
14 “And God said, Let there be lights-מָאוֹר (maor)-light giver, luminary) in the firmament of-בִּרְקִיעַ (bir-qî-a‘)-extended surface (solid), expanse, firmament, (i.e. the firmament or (apparently) visible arch of the sky:—firmament)) the heaven-הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם (haš-šā-ma-yim,)-heavens, sky, visible heavens), to divide //the day from the night (Hebr. between the day and between the night): and let them be for signs-לְאֹתֹת (lə-’ō-ṯōṯ)-a sign, (signs, tokens of changes of weather & times) and for seasons-וּלְמוֹעֲדִים (ū-lə-mō-w-‘ă-ḏîm,)-an appointed time or season, (properly, an appointment, i.e. a fixed time or season)), and for days-וּלְיָמִים (ū-lə-yā-mîm)-day (of 24 hours)) and years-וְשָׁנִֽים (wə-šā-nîm.)-a year, a repetition, (a year (as a revolution of time)).”
Circle or Ball Earth
(N) Ball vs Circle.
(N1) Isaiah 22:18
18 “H6801-He will surely violently turn thee-יִצְנָפְךָ (yiṣ-nā-p̄ə-ḵā)-a primitive root; to wrap, i.e. roll, (a winding (under figure of ball), wind around, wrap around) H6802-and toss-צְנֵפָה (ṣə-nê-p̄āh,)-a wrapping, winding), like H1754-a ball-כַּדּוּר (kad-dūr)-ball, anything round) into a large country: there shalt thou die, and there the chariots of thy glory shall be the shame of thy Lord's house.”
(N2) Note: Commentary: He will surely violently turn and toss thee, etc.; literally, rolling he will roll thee with rolling like a ball -(Pulpit Commentary) BH
(N3) Note: Consider the Greek Interlinear:
צָנוֹף["to-whirl"] יִצְנָפְךָ ["he-shall-twirl-you"] צְנֵפָה ["twirling"] כַּדּוּר ["as-the-bowling-ball"]
(N4) Note: To remove any doubt, three (3) key words are used:
(1.) H6801-turn, (2.) H6802-toss, (3.) H1754-ball.
(N6) Note: The Strong's Number: H6801-turn
can only be found in one (1) other verse:
(N7) Leviticus 16:4.
4 “He shall put on the holy linen coat, and he shall have the linen breeches upon his flesh, and shall be girded with a linen girdle, and with the linen-בַּד (baḏ)-fine linen, (a linen garment)) Mitre-וּבְמִצְנֶפֶת (ū-ḇə-miṣ-ne-p̄eṯ)-a mitre, (i.e. official turban (of a king or high priest)) H6801-shall he be attired-יִצְנֹף (yiṣ-nōp̄;)-to be wrapped around, (wrap, or wind up). these are holy garments: therefore shall he wash his flesh in water, and so put them on.”
(N8) Note: Below is a depiction of a linen Mitre (or, turban). As you can see, it is wrapped (or wind) around the head.
(N9) Note: The Hebrew word: (H4701-וּבְמִצְנֶפֶת-and with the Mitre) stems from the root word: (H6801-צָנַף tsânaph); a primitive root; to wrap, i.e. roll, wind around).
The Strong's Number: (H6801) is also used for the Hebrew word:
(“...and with the linen Mitre H6801-יִצְנֹף-shall he be attired. ...”).
OR,
Both (and with the Mitre) & (shall he be attired) share the same root word:
(H6801-צָנַף tsânaph); a primitive root; to wrap, i.e. roll, wind around)
(N10) Note: Consider the Hebrew interlinear:
וּבְמִצְנֶ֥פֶת["and-in-turban-of"-H4701-and with the Mitre] בַּ֖ד["linen"-linen]
יִצְנֹ֑ף["he-shall-be-twirled"-H6801-shall he be attired]
(N11) H1754-כַּדּוּר-a ball
(N12) Note: The Hebrew word:
(“He will surely violently turn and toss thee like H1754-כַּדּוּר-a ball ...”) stems from the root word: (H1752-דּוּר-dûwr); a primitive root; properly, to gyrate (Or, -spiral, -twirl, -whirl).
(N13) Note: The Strong's Number: (H1752)
can only be found in one (1) other verse:
(N14) Psalms 84:10.
10 “For a day in thy courts, is better than a thousand: //I had rather be a doorkeeper (Heb. I would choose rather to sit at the threshold) in the house of my God, H1752-than to dwell-מִדּוּר (mid-dūr,)-to dwell, (a primitive root; properly, to gyrate (or move in a circle)) in the tents of wickedness.”
(N15) Note: Remember, the emphasis is placed over the "action of" -twirling, -gyrating, -spiraling, -turning, -rolling, -moving in a circle.
(N16) Note: The imagery is then of one who prefers to be a doorkeeper in the house of God, than 'to circle' // 'be circling' the tents of wickedness. This can be confirmed by the inflection of the Hebrew word:
(H1752-מִדּוּר-than to dwell) which is inflected in the Infinitive Construct. Definition of the Infinitive Construct: A verbal noun which is used in Hebrew in much the same way that English uses its infinitive “to go” and its gerund “going.” It is often prefixed with the preposition le (“to”).
(N17) Note: There are no verses that combine:
-words, or -inflections, or -Strong numbers between:
(H776-earth) or (H8398-world)
with:
(H6801-turn) or (H6802-toss) or (H1754-ball).
(N18) Note: In other words, there is no support for a 'spherical globe' tossing and turning like a ball, (Or, gyrating) in the "vacuum of space".
(N19) Note: Consider other Bible versions for Isaiah 22:18:
(N21) New International Version (NIV)
"He will roll you up tightly like a ball and throw you into a large country.."
(N22) English Standard Version (ESV)
"and whirl you around and around, and throw you like a ball into a wide land..."
(N23) Legacy Standard Bible (LSB)
"And He will surely roll you tightly like a ball, To be cast into a vast country;.."
(P) Circle vs Ball.
(P1) Isaiah 40:22
21 “Have ye not known? have ye not heard? hath it not been told you from the beginning? have ye not understood from the foundations of-מוֹסְדוֹת (mō-ws-ḏō-wṯ)-foundations) the earth? 22 It is he that sitteth-הַיֹּשֵׁב (hay-yō-šêḇ)-to sit down or still, (by implication, to dwell, to remain) upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-above, over) H2329-the circle of-חוּג (ḥūḡ)-circle, compass, circuit) the earth-הָאָרֶץ (hā-’ā-reṣ,)-Earth, land), and the inhabitants thereof-וְיֹשְׁבֶיהָ (wə-yō-šə-ḇe-hā)-to sit still, or down, dwell, inhabit) are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out-הַנּוֹטֶה (han-nō-w-ṭeh)-to stretch out, incline, (a primitive root; to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away)) the heavens-שָׁמַיִם (šā-ma-yim,)-heavens (the heaved up things), (visible heavens, sky (as aloft)) as a curtain-כַדֹּק (ḵad-dōq)-thin veil, (veil, curtain (as thin)), and spreadeth them out-וַיִּמְתָּחֵם (way-yim-tā-ḥêm)-to spread out) as a tent-כָּאֹהֶל (kā-’ō-hel)-tent, (covering, (dwelling) (place)) to dwell in-לָשָֽׁבֶת (lā-šā-ḇeṯ.)-to sit down or still, (sit, remain, dwell):”
(P2) Note: First and most, both (Isaiah 22:18) & (Isaiah 40:22) are from the same author: the Prophet Isaiah, inspired by the Spirit of God.
(P3) Note: According to Isaiah 40:22 the shape of-the 'habitable earth' is a circle, not: a turning ball.
(P4) Note: There are two (2) other verses that also use the Strong's Number: (H2329) as in Isaiah 40:22.
(P5) Job 22:14
14 “Thick clouds are a covering to him that he seeth not, H2329-and he walketh in the circuit-וְחוּג (wə-ḥūḡ)-a circle:—circle, circuit, compass) of heaven.”
(P6) Proverbs 8:27
27 “When he prepared the heavens, I was there: when he set //a compass-חוּג (ḥūḡ,)-circle, compass, circuit) (Or, a circle) upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-upon, over) the face of-פְּנֵי (pə-nê)-face, (surface)) the depth-תְהֽוֹם (ṯə-hō-wm.)-deep, the deep, (an abyss).”
(P7) Note: Interestingly enough, The transliteration of the Hebrew word: (חוּג) is: (ḥūḡ,), which happens to be our English word: 'to hug'. When we hug, we do so in a circular motion, OR, the arms (-en)compass the body.
(P8) Note: Both (Isaiah 40:22) & (Proverbs 8:27) share much in common. Compare:
(P9) Isaiah 40:22
“It is he that sitteth-הַיֹּשֵׁב (hay-yō-šêḇ)-to sit down or still, (by implication, to dwell, to remain) H5921-upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-above, over) H2329-the circle of-חוּג (ḥūḡ)-circle, compass, circuit) the earth-הָאָרֶץ (hā-’ā-reṣ,)-Earth, land), ...”
(P10) Proverbs 8:27
“...when he set //H2329-a compass-חוּג (ḥūḡ,)-circle, compass, circuit) (Or, a circle) H5921-upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-upon, over) the face of-פְּנֵי (pə-nê)-face, (surface)) the depth-תְהֽוֹם (ṯə-hō-wm.)-deep, the deep, (an abyss).”
The imagery is then of a topographic view; from top to bottom.
(P11) Note: The Hebrew words:
(H2329-חוּג-the circle of) & (H2329-וְחוּג-and in the circuit) & (H2329-חוּג-a compass) stem from the Hebrew root word: (H2328-חוּג (chûwg); a primitive root; to describe a circle:—compass, draw round, make a circle.
(P12) Note: Only one (1) other verse uses the Strong's Number: (H2328).
Job 26:10
10 “H2328-He hath compassed-חָג (ḥāḡ)-to encircle, (to draw around, make a circle, encompass) the waters with bounds, until the day and night come to an end.”
(P13) Note: There are no verses that combine:
-words, or -inflections, or -Strong numbers between:
(H2329-circle/compass/circuit)
with:
(H6801-turn) or (H6802-toss) or (H1754-ball).
(P14) Note: As you can see friend, there is a difference between
a circle and a ball.
(P15) Note: Furthermore, the (heavens) are (stretched out, Or, bend away). This makes perfect sense with the circle earth:— with the firmament encompassing it. Even more, the analogy of a tent is used, both the circle earth and tent have the following in common, both have a base ground, and both have a thin covering all around.
(P16) Note: Did you know, a circle has 360 degrees? In ancient times, twelve thirty-day months were used, making a total of 360 days for the year. Abraham used the 360-day calendar; which was known in Ur. The Genesis account of the flood in the days of Noah illustrated this 360-day year by recording the 150-day interval till the waters abated from the earth.
O' the wisdom of God.
(P17) Note: Below are some illustrations of the circle earth.
And no, the circle earth is not a "flat disk floating in space". Remember,
the LORD set the circle earth upon pillars (Or, press upon fixtures -1 Sam 2:8)
“that it cannot be not moved” -Psalms 93:1
(Q) The phrase: "looked down from heaven"
can be found twice (2).
(Q1) Psalms 14:2
1 “To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David. The fool hath said in his heart, There is no God: They are corrupt, they have done abominable works, there is none that doeth good. 2 The LORD looked down-הִשְׁקִיף (hiš qîp̄)-to look, (a primitive root; properly, to lean out (of a window), i.e. (by implication) peep or gaze; look (down, forth, out)) from heaven-מִשָּׁמַיִם (miš-šā-ma-yim)-heavens (as the abode of God)) upon-עַֽל־ (‘al-)-upon, on) the children of-בְּנֵי־ (bə-nê-)-son(s) (produce)) men-אָדָם (’ā-ḏām)-a man, human being); to see-לִרְאוֹת (lir-’ō-wṯ)-to see, behold, look(at)) if there were any that did understand-מַשְׂכִּיל (maś-kîl;)-to (cause to act) wisely, (act circumspectly, prudently) and seek-דֹּרֵשׁ (dō-rêš)-seek, inquire, require) God.”
(Q2) Note: Cross-Reference Psalms 53:2
2 “God looked down from heaven upon the children of men, to see if there were any that did understand, that did seek God.”
(Q3) Psalms 102:19
18 “This shall be written for the generation to come: and the people which shall be created, shall praise the LORD. 19 For he hath looked down-הִשְׁקִיף (hiš-qîp̄)-to look, (a primitive root; properly, to lean out (of a window), i.e. (by implication) peep or gaze; look (down, forth, out)) from the height of-מִמְּרוֹם (mim-mə-rō-wm)-high place, altitude, (i.e. concretely (an elevated place)) his Sanctuary-קָדְשׁוֹ (qā-ḏə-šōw;)-separation, (apartness, holiness, sacredness, separateness): from heaven-מִשָּׁמַיִם (miš-šā-ma-yim)-heavens (as the abode of God)
did the LORD behold-הִבִּֽיט (hib-bîṭ.)-to (cause to) behold attentively, (a primitive root; to scan, i.e. look intently at) the earth-אֶרֶץ (’e-reṣ)-earth, land): 20 To hear the groaning of the prisoner: to loose //those that are appointed to death (Hebr. the children of death):”
As Clay to the Seal
(R) The Antarctic wall.
(R1) Job 38:14
12 “Hast thou commanded the morning since thy days? and caused the dayspring to know his place, 13 That it might take hold of the //ends of (Hebr. wings) the earth, that the wicked might be shaken out of it? 14 H2015-It is turned-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ (tiṯ-hap-pêḵ)-to turn) as clay-כְּחֹמֶר (kə-ḥō-mer)-clay (from its red color)) to H2368-the seal-חוֹתָם (ḥō-w-ṯām;)-seal, signet, (a signature-ring:—seal, signet)), and they stand-וְיִֽתְיַצְּבוּ (wə-yiṯ-yaṣ-ṣə-ḇū,)-to set self out, station self, (to place (any thing so as to stay); reflexively, to station) as-כְּמוֹ (kə-mōw)-even as, (in comparison of, like (as, to, unto)) a garment-לְבֽוּשׁ (lə-ḇūš.)-clothing, garment).”
(R2) Note: All of chapter 38 is about the creation.
The Lord questions Job, to convince him of his ignorance.
(R3) Note: The following Hebrew words:
(הָאָרֶץ-the earth) & (מִמֶּֽנָּה-out of it) & (תִּתְהַפֵּךְ-It is turned)
share the following inflection:
הָאָרֶץ-the earth: Feminine, Singular:
מִמֶּֽנָּה-out of it: Third-Person, Feminine, Singular:
H2015-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ-It is turned: Third-Person, Feminine, Singular:
OR, the words: (out of it) & (It is turned) point back to: (the earth).
(R4) Note: The word: (as clay) is supported by the Hebrew word: (כְּחֹמֶר) which is a Preposition; it is often used as a preposition of comparison attached to its Noun: (as clay) OR,
“It (the earth) is turned as clay to the seal, ...”
(R5) Note: (a.) To be fair, the Strong's Number:
(H2015)-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ (tiṯ-hap-pêḵ)-"It is turned") has various meanings and applications. Other definitions may include: to turn about or over, overthrow, overturn, to turn oneself, turn back, to transform oneself, become, change, to turn this way and that, turn every way, turn to, to turn on someone.
(b.) Your interpretation or understanding of Job 38:14 may lead you to pick one of the above definitions. Most Bible translations lean with: (transform oneself, become, change).
(c.) Remember, the inflection of a word does not force a particular definition; the context does. This can be understood with other words such as: 'flesh'. Such words can have various meanings and applications even if the word has the same Strong's Number & inflection. For example: the Strong's Number: (H1320-בָּשָׂר bâsâr) means: 'flesh'. Other valid definitions include: flesh of the body (-of animal, -of men), fleshly minded, kin, skin, human race.
Take for example:
(R6) Note: Genesis 2:21 “And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept; and he took one of his ribs, and closed up H1320-the flesh-בָּשָׂר (bā-śār)-flesh, (of men)) instead thereof.”
Inflection: Hebrew Noun: Common Masculine Singular Absolute.
(R7) Note: Genesis 6:17 “And, behold, I, even I do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to destroy all H1320-flesh-בָּשָׂר (bā-śār)-flesh, (all living beings)), wherein is the breath of life from under heaven, and every thing that is in the earth shall die.”
Inflection: Hebrew Noun: Common Masculine Singular Absolute.
(R8) Note: Both (Genesis 2:21) & (Genesis 6:17) use the same Hebrew word: (בָּשָׂר (bā-śār)), the same Strong's Number: (H1320), and the same (Inflection).
However, the proper application of the word: (flesh) is based on the context. In the context of (Genesis 2:21), the flesh is a reference to 'Adam's flesh'. And in the context of (Genesis 6:17), the flesh is a reference to all living creatures (man, beast, fowl, etc.).
Nevertheless, both (Genesis 2:21) & (Genesis 6:17) share the same root word of: (H1320-flesh). How this word is interpreted, may vary according to the context.
(R9) Note: The inflection for the Hebrew word:
(H2015-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ (tiṯ-hap-pêḵ)-"It is turned") is:
Verb: Hithpael, Imperfect (yiqtol), 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular.
(R10) Note: There are no other verses with the Hebrew word:
(H2015-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ (tiṯ-hap-pêḵ)). However, the Strong's Number: H2015
can be found ninety-four (94) times.
(R11) Note: Below are three (3) examples
of the Strong's Number: (H2015) with different inflections.
(R12) Genesis 3:24
24 “So he drove out the man: and he placed at the East of the garden of Eden, Cherubims, and a flaming sword, H2015-which turned every way-הַמִּתְהַפֶּכֶת (ham-miṯ-hap-pe-ḵeṯ,)-to turn self, (turn this way & that, every way), to keep the way of the tree of life.”
Inflection: Verb: Hithpael, Participle, Active, Feminine, Singular, Absolute.
(R13) Genesis 19:29
29 “And it came to pass, when God destroyed the cities of the plain, that God remembered Abraham, and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow, H2015-when he overthrew-בַּהֲפֹךְ (ba-hă-p̄ōḵ)-overturn, overthrow) the cities, in the which Lot dwelt.”
Inflection: Preposition, Verb: Qal, Infinitive, Construct.
(R14) Leviticus 13:3
3 “And the Priest shall look on the plague in the skin of the flesh: and when the hair in the plague H2015-is turned-הָפַךְ (hā-p̄aḵ)-to turn, (change, change into)) white, and the plague in sight be deeper than the skin of his flesh, it is a plague of leprosy: and the Priest shall look on him, and pronounce him unclean.”
Inflection: Verb: Qal, Perfect (qatal), 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular.
(R15) Note: In each of the above three (3) verse, the definition of the Strong's Number: (H2015-הָפַךְ (hâphak)-a primitive root; to turn about or over) was different.
(R16) Note: Now consider Job 37:12.
It also uses the same Strong's Number: (H2015)
as in Job 38:14 (i.e....H2015-it is turned as clay to the seal...).
(R17) Job 37:12
12 “Also by watering he wearieth the thick cloud: he scattereth his bright cloud. 13 And it H2015-is turned-מִתְהַפֵּךְ (miṯ-hap-pêḵ)-to turn) H4524-round about-מְסִבּוֹת (mə-sib-bō-wṯ)-environs, round about, a circle, compass about, (that which surrounds) by his counsels: that they may do whatsoever he commandeth them upon-עַל־ (‘al-)-above, over) the face of-פְּנֵי (pə-nê)-face, (surface (of ground)) the world-תֵבֵל (ṯê-ḇêl)-fruit bearing or habitable (i.e. fit to live in // suitable or good to live in) earth) in the earth-אָֽרְצָה (’ā-rə-ṣāh.)-earth, land).”
(R18) Note: The word: (And it is turned) points back to: (his bright cloud). OR,
13 "And (his bright cloud) is turned round about...".
(R19) Note: If you are in favor of the circle earth, then you would say that "his bright cloud H2015-is turned H4524-round about-מְסִבּוֹת (mə-sib-bō-wṯ)-environs, round about, a circle, compass about, (that which surrounds)" over the circle earth.
(R20) Note: Below are two (2) example of the Strong's Number:
(H4524-round about).
(R21) 1 Kings 6:29.
29 “And he carved all-כָּל־ (kāl-)-all, the whole) the walls-קִירוֹת (qî-rō-wṯ)-a wall (plural)) of the house H4524-round about-מְסִבּוֹת (mə-sib-bō-wṯ)-environs, round about, a circle, compass about, (that which surrounds) with carved figures of Cherubims, and palm trees, and //open flowers (Hebr. openings of flowers), within and without.”
(R22) Songs of Songs 1:12.
12 “While the king sitteth H4524-at his table-בִּמְסִבּוֹ (bim-sib-bōw,)-a circle, round table, (that which surrounds)), my spikenard sendeth forth the smell thereof.”
(R23) Note: The Hebrew words:
(H4524-מְסִבּוֹת-round about) & (H4524-בִּמְסִבּוֹ-at his table)
stems from the Hebrew root word: (H5437-סָבַב (çâbab); a primitive root;
to (revolve, surround, or border), go around, a divan (as enclosing the room).
(R24) Note: The Strong's Number: (H5437) can be found 158 times. Below is one (1) example.
(R25) Genesis 19:4.
4 “But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, H5437-compassed-נָסַבּוּ (nā-sab-bū)-a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border) the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter.”
(R26) Let's Recapitulate
H2015 // H4524 // H5437
(R27) Job 38:14
“... H2015-It [the earth] is turned-to turn) as clay to the seal ...”
(R28) Job 37:12
“... he scattereth his bright cloud. And it H2015-is turned-to turn) H4524-round about-environs, round about, a circle, compass about, (that which surrounds) by his counsels ...”
(R29) 1 Kings 6:29
“And he carved all the walls of the house H4524-round about-environs, round about, a circle, compass about, (that which surrounds) with carved figures of Cherubims, ...”
(R30) Note: The Hebrew word: (H4524-מְסִבּוֹת (mə-sib-bō-wṯ)-round about) stems from the Hebrew root word: (H5437-סָבַב çâbab)
(R31) Genesis 19:4
“...the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, H5437-compassed-to be round about, (a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border) the house round, ...”
(R32) Note: In light of the above,
wouldn't you agree that a circle is being emphasized?
(R33) The question 'circles' back around,
what is the proper interpretation of Job 38:14 for the Hebrew word:
(H2015-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ-It is turned)?
14 “H2015-It is turned-תִּתְהַפֵּךְ (tiṯ-hap-pêḵ)-to turn) as clay-כְּחֹמֶר (kə-ḥō-mer)-clay (from its red color)) to the seal-חוֹתָם (ḥō-w-ṯām;)-seal, signet, (a signature-ring:—seal, signet)), ...”
(R34) Note: The Hebrew word: (כְּחֹמֶר- as clay) is in the Construct state. Definition of the (Construct): (a.) The Construct state is a modified form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to the standard form called the Absolute state. The Construct state is used when a word takes a suffix (e.g. 's) or is connected to another term in a 'construct chain' (e.g. "as clay of the seal"). OR,
Properly:
It [the earth] is turned as clay to-כְּחֹמֶר["as-clay-of"] the seal-חוֹתָם["seal"],
(R35) Note: The Hebrew word: (חוֹתָם) does not support the Definite-article (the seal). Neither is the italicized word: (to) supported by the Hebrew text.
(R36) Note: The reason it reads: כְּחֹמֶר-["as-clay-of"] as opposed to: ("as clay") is because the Hebrew word: (כְּחֹמֶר) is inflected in the Construct state.
OR,
Correct:
It [the earth] is turned ["as-clay-of"] ["seal"]
(R37) The Question.
(R38) Note: Is Job 38:14 describing H8398-the world (i.e. habitable earth) as being circular; as so does a seal to the clay. Or is it describing the transformation of H776-the earth (i.e. land); as so does a seal to the clay.
"I believe both to be correct."
(R39) Note: Again, the Strong's Number: (H2015-'to turn') has different applications, it is a primitive root; to turn about or over. Other uses include: to turn, overthrow, overturn, to turn oneself, turn back, to transform oneself.
(R40) Note: Below is an illustration of what a seal/signet does to the clay.
Next,
(R41) Note: Below are two (2) examples of the Hebrew word:
(H2368-חוֹתָם (ḥō-w-ṯām;)) as found in
Job 38:14 (...it is turned as clay to H2368-seal-חוֹתָם (ḥō-w-ṯām;)...)
Inflection: Noun: Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
(R42) Exodus 39:30
30 “And they made the plate of the holy crown of pure gold, and wrote upon it a writing, like to the engravings of-פִּתּוּחֵי (pit-tū-ḥê)-a graving, carving) H2368-a signet-חוֹתָם (ḥō-w-ṯām;)-seal, signet, (a signature-ring:—seal, signet)), HOLINESS TO THE LORD.”
Inflection: Noun: Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
(R43) Exodus 39:6
6 “And they wrought Onyx stones inclosed in ouches of gold, graven-מְפֻתָּחֹת (mə-p̄ut-tā-ḥōṯ)-to be open up, (a primitive root; to open wide), carve:—appear, break forth, draw (out)), as H2368-signets-חוֹתָם (ḥō-w-ṯām;)-seal, signet, (a signature-ring:—seal, signet)) are graven-פִּתּוּחֵי (pit-tū-ḥê)-graving, engraving, carving), with the names of the children of Israel.”
Inflection: Noun: Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
(R44) Note: Below is another example of the Strong's Number: (H2368)
but, with a different inflection.
(R45) 1 Kings 21:8
8 “So she wrote letters-סְפָרִים (sə-p̄ā-rîm)-account, (properly; missive, document, writing) in Ahab's name, and sealed-וַתַּחְתֹּם (wat-taḥ-tōm)-to seal, seal up, finish) them H2368-with his seal-בְּחֹתָמוֹ (bə-ḥō-ṯā-mōw;)-seal, signet, (a signature-ring, signet-ring), and sent the letters unto the Elders, and to the Nobles that were in his city dwelling with Naboth.”
Inflection: Noun: Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
(R46) Note: What other Bible translations say of Job 38:14:
(R47) NASB (1995)
"“It is changed like clay under the seal; And they stand forth like a garment."
(R48) New American Standard Bible (NASB)
"It is changed like clay under the seal; And they stand out like a garment."
(R49) New King James Bible (NKJB)
"It takes on form like clay under a seal, And stands out like a garment."
(R50) Note: A topic that might interest you: 'Operation Highjump':— in connection to the flat earth.
(S1) Job 26:10
10 “H2328-He hath compassed-חָג (ḥāḡ)-to encircle, (to draw around, make a circle, encompass) the waters-פְּנֵי־מָ֑יִם (pə-nê- mā-yim;)-face, surface (of waters)) with-עַל־ (‘aḏ-)-against, besides) bounds-חֹֽק־ (ḥōq-)-statue, limit, (prescribed limit, boundary; by implication, an extremity), //until the day and night come to an end (Hebr. untill the end of light with darkness).”
(S2) Note: The Hebrew word: (H2328-חָג-He hath compassed) is a unique word. There are no other verses that use the Strong's Number: (H2328).
(S3) Note: Most commentators will agree that (the waters) refer to the sea. If you favor the 'globe earth' model, then you must believe (the waters) are held down by some gravitational force. But if you advocate for the circle earth, then you believe (the waters) are (-encircled, -compassed) by the Antarctic wall; which circles the earth.
(S4) Note: The Hebrew word: (H2328-חוּג chûwg) is a primitive root; to encircle. Compare to the Strong's Number: (H2287-חָגַג châgag); a primitive root (compare H2283, H2328); properly, to move in a circle; by implication, to be giddy.
As an example, an analog clock moves in a circle (clockwise); from east to west; as so does the sun over the circle earth.
(S5) Note: The bias of some bible translators has led them to insert or redefine words not supported by the Hebrew text.
Instead of: (H2328-חָגHe hath (-compassed, -encircled) the waters), some Bible translations read:
(S6) New International Translation (NIV)
“He marks out the horizon on the face of the waters for a boundary between light and darkness."
(S7) New Living Translation (NLT)
"He created the horizon when he separated the waters; he set the boundary between day and night."
(S8) New King James Bible (NKJB)
"He drew a circular horizon on the face of the waters, At the boundary of light and darkness."
(S9) Note: These, and other Bible translations have strayed from the original meaning of the Hebrew word: H2328-חָג :—'to encircle'. The word: (horizon) is not even supplied by the Hebrew Text. Perhaps the translators were influenced by the 'Heliocentric' model.
A commentator or translator may come to the conclusion that a "horizon" was intended, but not because the Hebrew manuscript said so; for no Hebrew manuscript supports the word: (horizon) for Job 26:10.
Ten Degrees Backward
(T) Lo! the Sun returned ten degrees.
Hebrew OT: Westminster Leningrad Codex
הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת־צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲלֹ֡ות אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲלֹ֨ות אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲלֹ֑ות וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲלֹ֔ות בַּֽמַּעֲלֹ֖ות אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה׃ ס
(T1) Isaiah 38:8
4 “Then came the word of the LORD-יְהוָה (Yah-weh,)-He (who) is, ((the) self-Existent or Eternal)) to Isaiah, saying-לֵאמֹֽר (lê-mōr.)-to say, speak, utter), 5 Go-הָלוֹךְ (hā-lō-wḵ)-to go on, (a primitive root; to walk) and say-וְאָמַרְתָּ (wə-’ā-mar-tā)-to say, speak, utter) to Hezekiah-חִזְקִיָּהוּ (ḥiz-qî-yā-hū,)-'Jah is strength', (Son and successor of Ahaz on the throne of Judah.); 12th king of Judah, son of Ahaz and Abijah; a good king in that he served Jehovah and did away with idolatrous practices), Thus-כֹּֽה־ (kōh-)- properly, like this, (i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so)) saith-אָמַר (’ā-mar)-to say, speak, utter) the LORD, the God-אֱלֹהֵי (’ĕ-lō-hê)-God) of David thy father; I have heard thy prayer, I have seen thy tears: behold, I will add-יוֹסִף (yō-w-sip̄)-to add, increase, (a primitive root; to add or augment)) unto thy days-יָמֶיךָ (yā-me-ḵā,)-days, (i.e. lifetime)) fifteen years. 6 And I will deliver thee and this city, out of the hand of the king of Assyria: and I will defend this city. 7 And this-וְזֶה־ (wə-zeh-)-this, here) shall be a sign-הָאוֹת (hā-’ō-wṯ)-a sign, signal (sign, miracle, proof:—as pledges or attestations of divine presence & interposition)) unto thee from-מֵאֵת (mê-’êṯ)-from (expressing origination)) the LORD, that the LORD will do-יַעֲשֶׂה (ya-‘ă-śeh)-to do, (a primitive root; to do or make) this thing-הַדָּבָר (had-dā-ḇār)-a word, matter, thing, (a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing)) that he hath spoken-דִּבֵּֽר (dib-bêr.)-to be spoken of or for, (a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange)). 8 Behold, I will bring again-מֵשִׁיב (mê-šîḇ)-to bring back, (a primitive root; to turn back (hence), (re)turn, to cause to return) the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl)-a shadow, shade (i.e. shadow on dial)) the degrees-הַֽמַּעֲלוֹת (ham-ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ)-a going up, ascent, step, (elevation, i.e. the act (literally, a journey to a higher place), specifically a climactic progression) which is gone down-יָרְדָה (yā-rə-ḏāh)-come or go down, descend, ((literally, to go downwards)) in the Sun-dial-בְמַעֲלוֹת (ḇə-ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ)-going up, ascent, step, (elevation, i.e. the act (literally, a journey to a higher place), specifically a climactic progression)) of Ahaz, ten-עֶשֶׂר (‘e-śer)-ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)) degrees-מַעֲלוֹת (ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ;)-a going up, ascent, step, (steps (forming sun-dial)) backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward, (back (-ward, again)): so the Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (haš-še-meš)-ministrant, sun, (from an unused root meaning to be brilliant) returned-וַתָּשָׁב (wat-tā-šāḇ)-to turn back, return) ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down-יָרָֽדָה (yā-rā-ḏāh.)-to go down, descend, (literally, to go downwards (of shadow on dial)).”
(T2) Note: Perhaps another translation might help. Consider the
Young's Literal Translation (YLT) for Isaiah 38:8.
(T3) 8 “Lo, I am bringing back the shadow of the degrees that it hath gone down on the degrees of Ahaz, by the sun, backward ten degrees:' and the sun turneth back ten degrees in the degrees that it had gone down.”
(T4) Now compare to a modern translation:
New Living Translation (NLT)
8 "I will cause the sun’s shadow to move ten steps backward on the sundial of Ahaz!’” So the shadow on the sundial moved backward ten steps."
(T5) Note: The (NLT) is among other Bibles that poorly translate the Hebrew text. The Hebrew text reads:
וַתָּשָׁב[and-she-is-turning-back] הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙[the-sun] עֶ֣שֶׂר[ten-of] מַעֲלֹ֔ות[degrees] בַּֽמַּעֲלֹ֖ות[in-the-dial] אֲשֶׁר[which] יָרָֽדָה [she-descended]
(T6) Note: The Hebrew word: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙) is conjoined by two words:
(הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the (Definite Article) + (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-sun (Noun).
Most modern translations say nothing about the-sun returning ten degrees.
(T7) Note: This same Hebrew word: (H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙[the-sun]) is found fifty two (52) times in the Old Testament. Below are three (3) examples.
(1.) Genesis 15:12 “And when H8121-the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ was going down, a deep sleep fell upon Abram: and lo, an horror of great darkness fell upon him.”
(2.) Exodus 16:21 “And they gathered it every morning, every man according to his eating: and when H8121-the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ waxed hot, it melted.”
(3.) Isaiah 60:19 “H8121-the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ shall be no more thy light by day, neither for brightness shall the moon give light unto thee: but the LORD shall be unto thee an everlasting light, and thy God thy glory.”
(T8) Note: The Hebrew word: (H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙[the-sun]) is never, nor can it be translated as: "sunlight" // "shadow" // "sun's shadow" // "sun's light" // sun's shadow" // "sun's light" etc. Why not? because the Hebrew word: (H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙[the-sun]) is inflected in the Absolute state. More on this further below (L1d3).
(T9) Note: Other Bible translations that erroneously insert the words: (’s shadow or sunlight); of which none are supported by the Hebrew text.
(T10) New International Version (NIV)
“...So the sunlight went back the ten steps it had gone down.”
(T11) New American Standard Bible (NASB)
“...So the sun’s shadow went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.”
(T12) Legacy Standard Bible (LSB)
“...So the sun’s shadow went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.”
(T13) Note: I remind you, the Hebrew word: (H6738-צֵל (ṣêl)-the shadow of) is mentioned at the beginning of the verse (“Behold, I will bring again H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl) the degrees,...”). However, the latter part of the verse reads:
וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲלֹ֔ות
(H8121-the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ returned ten degrees)
not:
the Sun's shadow // sunlight returned ten degrees.
(T14) Note: (a.) Perhaps, you would like to say that the sun's shadow was rightfully intended, seeing that it was already mentioned at the beginning of the verse (“Behold, I will bring again H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl) the degrees,...”). If you are someone who favors the 'Heliocentric model', then yes, it would behoove you to say so. Otherwise, this verse becomes a conundrum to you; as it has been to these modern translations.
Now, if Isaiah 38:8 had truly read:
“...So the Sun's shadow returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.”
Then the assumption or assertion would be that only the shadow on the sundial (not the sun itself) moved backwards 10 degrees. However, the Hebrew Text clearly reads: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the Sun) returned ten degrees backwards.
(b.) And yes, it is only logical for a shadow to move as the sun moves across the sky, OR, as the sun moves, so does the shadow, OR, shadows move in the opposite direction of the Sun (i.e. as the sun approaches you, your shadow retracts, and as the sun moves away from you, your shadow stretches outward).
(c.) Perhaps you can understand as to why these modern translations refused to translate the Hebrew word: (H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ (haš-še-meš) as: (the Sun), that's because this little word: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙) cripples their 'Heliocentric' giant.
(T15) Note: The hypocrisy of these modern translations is in that they used the correct Hebrew word: (H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ (haš-še-meš)), but with the wrong English equivalent.
Correct:
H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ (haš-še-meš) = (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the (Definite-Article) + (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-Sun (Noun).
(T16) Note: The Young's Literal Translation also does a good job at translating Isaiah 38:8.
8 “Lo, I am H7725-bringing back-מֵשִׁיב H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl) the degrees that it hath gone down on the degrees of Ahaz, by the sun, backward ten degrees:' and H8121-the sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ (haš-še-meš) H7725-turneth back-וַתָּשָׁב ten degrees in the degrees that it had gone down.”
(T17) Note: Compare:
H7725-bringing back H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl)
H8121-the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ (haš-še-meš) H7725-turneth back
(T18) Note: Did you noticed? both (the Sun & shadow) turned back-H7725.
And yes, it is only logical for the shadow to move with the Sun. OR, when the Sun turned back ten degrees, so did the shadow of the degrees.
Bonus: Even in the simple arrangement of words you can appreciate what is being said: (the shadow of the degrees) retracted from East-to-West, while (the sun) returned back from West-to-East. More about this later.
(U) THE (’s)
(U1) Note: Let's revisit the Legacy Standard Bible (LSB) for: Isaiah 38:8.
The second clause reads:
“...So the sun’s shadow went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.”
(U2) Note: By italicizing the word: (shadow) the translators openly admitted that this word is not supported by the Hebrew Text, and indeed it is not. Yet, they proceeded to insert it. The words: (the sun) are justified by the Hebrew word: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-(haš-še-meš)). However, the unitalicized suffix (the sun(’s) does not belong, nor is it supported by the Hebrew word: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙). It was conveniently and perhaps carefully inserted to justify the italicized word: (shadow). Or, vice versa, in order to justify the insertion of the unitalicized suffix (’s) to the word: (sun), the word: (shadow) was used as leverage. In any case,
if the Legacy Standard Bible was honest and transparent, they should have written Isaiah 38:8 as so:
“...So the shadow of the sun went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.” OR,
“...So the sun's shadow went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.”
That way, you, the reader, can at least understand that the words:
(the shadow of // 's shadow) are not supported by the Hebrew Text. Otherwise, you will assume the: (the sun('s) is also part of the Hebrew word: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the sun); in so, leading you to believe the word: (shadow) was rightfully intended.
(U3) Note: Lo!,
I double down, I will strengthen my case.
The inflection for the Hebrew word:
(H8121-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the sun returned ten degrees ..." -KJV) is:
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ Speech: Particle, Type: Definite Article : ["the"]
+
הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ Speech: Noun, Type: Common, Gender: Both, Number: Singular,
State: Absolute : ["sun"]
(1.) Pay attention to the State: Absolute. Definition of the (Absolute): (a.) The absolute state is the standard form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to a modified form called the construct state. (b.) when a term stands alone and is not grammatically connected to another word, it appears in the Absolute state. This category includes terms such as a subject/object of a verb or relative phrase, adjectives, adverbial nouns, etc. (c.) A word in the Absolute state can take a prefix but not a suffix (e.g. the sun's).
(2.) Contrary to the State: Absolute is the State: Construct.
Definition of the Construct state: (a.) The Construct state is a modified form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to the standard form called the Absolute state. The Construct state is used when a word takes a suffix (e.g. 's) or is connected to another term in a 'construct chain' (e.g. "the sun's shadow" // "the shadow of the sun").
For example, in the phrase:
"the word of the king", which is called a 'construct chain'.
(the word of) is in the Construct state, and (the king) is in the Absolute state.
A Construct noun and its Absolute noun are referred to as a construct chain. Even if the phrase had read: "the king's word",
(the king's) remains in the Absolute state, and (the king's word) in the Construct state. Of course, the simpler format would be: "the word of the king".
(U4) Note: Please consider the following example
for the proper use of the Construct state.
(U5) Isaiah 40:22
22 “It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in:”
(U6) Note: The Hebrew word: (חוּג-the circle of) has the following inflection:
חוּג Speech: Noun, Type: Common, Gender: Masculine, Number: Singular,
State: Construct : ["circle-of"]
(U7) Note: The words: (the earth) are in the Absolute state. OR,
It is he that sitteth upon (the circle of-Construct) (the earth-Absolute)
(V) My Judgement
(V1) Note: The error of the Legacy Standard Bible (LSB), whether intentional
or not, is in the unitalicized suffix (the sun('s).
(1.) the unitalicized suffix ('s) is not supported by the Hebrew Text. (2.) It should not be conjoined to the word: (sun). (3.) And it is misleading. (4.) But if the translators of the (LSB) deemed that the (the sun's shadow) was meant, then the suffix: ('s) should had been italicized as well (the sun's shadow), so as to not alter the translation of the original Hebrew word:
(הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-sun :—Absolute state).
(5.) While it is uncommon practice to italicize only the suffix ('s), an alternative and less deceptive solution could had been implemented by the (LSB): (“... So the shadow of the sun ...”), this way, the reader can distinguish between words that have textual support, and words that do not. Remember, there is no textual evidence for the words:
(the shadow of // sun's shadow // sun's shadow).
Out of these three examples, the (sun's shadow) is the most deceiving, as it leads you to believe that the ('s) has textual reliability. Ironically, it is what the Legacy Standard Bible promotes:
Isaiah 38:8 (LSB)
“...So the sun's shadow went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.”
(6.) The fact of the matter is, the Hebrew word: (הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-the הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙-sun) is in the Absolute state, which forbids the union of the unitalicized suffix ('s) to the word: (sun).
(7.) The (LSB) might want to defend their actions by acknowledging that the ('s) has no textual support. But the better question is, did you know? And unless you had searched diligently, the answer is "No".
(V2) More so,
(V3) Note: The first part of Isaiah 38:8 (LSB) reads:
“Behold, I will cause H6738-the shadow on-צֵ֣ל the stairway, which has gone down with the sun on the stairway of Ahaz, to go back ten steps. ...”
(V4) Note: The Hebrew word: (H6738-צֵ֣ל) is inflected in the Construct State. Definition of the (Construct): (a.) The Construct state is a modified form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to the standard form called the Absolute state. The Construct state is used when a word takes a suffix (e.g. 's) or is connected to another term in a 'construct chain' (e.g. "the shadow of the degrees").
(V5) Note: And even though the (KJV) & (LSB) use the same Hebrew word:
(H6738-צֵ֣ל Construct State),
the (LSB) chose the wrong English equivalent.
(the shadow of the degrees) -KJV
vs
(the shadow on the stairway) -LSB
(V6) Note: The word: (on) has the strength of a Preposition. Definition of the Preposition: (a.) Prepositions show direction, location, or time, or introduce an object. They are usually followed by an object — a noun, noun phrase, or pronoun.
What the (LSB) is saying:
(“...the shadow (-on, -upon) the stairway ...”).
This format allows for the (LSB) to manipulate the second clause:
(“ ...So the sun’s shadow went back ten steps on the stairway ...”).
How so? because then the shadow is no longer said to be (of) the degrees), or in the case of the (LSB): (of) the stairway) but rather: (on) the stairway). This change allows for the (LSB) to then say:
it is (the sun’s shadow). Why? because a shift happened.
from:
the shadow of the degrees
to:
the shadow on the stairway
The word: (on) paves the way for: (the shadow) to be reassigned to:
the sun (the sun’s shadow). OR,
The word: (on) begs the question, who's shadow is it? the (LSB) says, it is
(the sun’s shadow).
(V7) Note: Here, consider the following two (2) verses.
Learn the difference between:
the shadow of (Construct state) -Judges 9:36
vs
a shadow (Absolute state) + over (Preposition) -Jonah 4:6
(V8) Judges 9:36
36 “And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl) the mountains, as if they were men.”
Note: The Hebrew word: (H6738-צֵל-the shadow of) is in the Construct state.
It is the same Hebrew word used as in Isaiah 38:8.
Note: Would you say there is a difference between:
(the shadow of the mountains) -Construct state
vs
(the shadow on the mountains) -Preposition
But of course there is, (the shadow of the mountains) is the same as (the mountains' shadow), meaning, the shadow is said to be of the mountains. Meanwhile, (the shadow on the mountains) would indicate that the shadow
is not of-the mountains, but rather, the shadow of someone or something is
(-on, -upon) the mountains. In other words, the word: (on) begs the question, who's shadow is on the mountains?
(V9) Note: Now compare
Isaiah 38:8 (KJV)
(“Behold, I will bring again H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl) the degrees ...”)
with:
Judges 9:36 (KJV)
(“... Thou seest H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl) the mountains, ...”)
(V10) Note: The Hebrew word: (H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl)) is in the
Construct state for both verses. OR, ["shadow-of"]
(V11) Jonah 4:6
6 “And the LORD God prepared a //gourd (Or, palma christi. Hebr. Kikaion), and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be H6738-a shadow-צֵל (ṣêl) H5921-over-עַל־ (‘al-) his head, to deliver him from his grief. So Jonah was //exceeding glad (Heb. rejoiced with great joy) of the gourd.”
(V12) Note: The Hebrew word: (H6738-צֵל-a shadow) is in the Absolute state.
The Hebrew word: (H5921-עַל־-over) is a Preposition.
OR,
Absolute state + Preposition
(V13) Note: Now compare
Isaiah 38:8 (LSB)
(“Behold, I will cause the shadow on the stairway ..”)
[the shadow-(Absolute state)] + [on-(Preposition)]
with:
Jonah 4:6 (LSB)
(“..and it came up over Jonah to be a shade over his head ..”)
[a shade-(Absolute state)] + [over-(Preposition)]
Jonah 4:6 (KJV)
(“..and made it to come up over Jonah, that it might be a shadow over his head,..”)
[a shadow-(Absolute state)] + [over-(Preposition)]
(V14) Note: Isaiah 38:8 (LSB) resembles the format of Jonah 4:6 (LSB) & (KJV).
While the (LSB) would like for you to believe that the Hebrew word:
(“Behold, I will cause (H6738-צֵל-the shadow on) the stairway ...”) -Isaiah 38:8
is inflected in the Construct state, it actually has a strong resemblance to the:
Absolute state + Preposition.
OR,
Behold, I will cause (the shadow-Absolute state) + (on-Preposition) the stairway
(V15) Note: Now, concerning the shadow over Jonah's head, it is not of the sun (or, the sun's shadow), but of the gourd.
OR,
(“... and made it-[the gourd] to come up over Jonah, that it-[the gourd] might be a shadow over his head, ...”).
(V16) Note: The error of the (LSB) is in that they tried to muscle in the English word: (the shadow on), which is known to be a Preposition, and apply it to the Hebrew word: (H6738-צֵל), which is inflected in the Construct state:
(the shadow of).
OR,
Hebrew expresses the "of" (possessive) relationship between two Nouns by what is called the 'construct chain'. This grammatical relationship is created by placing two or more Nouns side by side.
(V17) Note: Let's evaluate Isaiah 38:8 :
Westminster Leningrad Codex w/ Interlinear:
הִנְנִי["behold-me!"]
מֵשִׁיב["reversing"]
צֵל["shadow-of"] - Noun, Construct state
הַֽמַּעֲלוֹת["the-degrees"] - Noun, Absolute state
(V18) Note: The first of the two Nouns (צֵל "shadow-of") in the 'construct chain' is called the construct noun and is said to be in the Construct state. The second of the two Nouns (הַֽמַּעֲלוֹת "the-degrees") is called the absolute noun and is said to be in the Absolute state.
Definition of the Construct state: (a.) The Construct state is a modified form of a word (noun, adjective, participle, or infinitive) in contrast to the standard form called the Absolute state. The Construct state is used when a word takes a suffix (e.g. 's) or is connected to another term in a 'construct chain',
(e.g. "the shadow of the degrees").
For example, in the phrase:
"the word of the king", which is called a 'construct chain'.
(the word of) is in the Construct state, and (the king) is in the Absolute state.
A Construct noun and its Absolute noun are referred to as a construct chain. Even if the phrase had read: "the king's word",
(the king's) remains in the Absolute state, and (the king's word) in the Construct state. Of course, the simpler format would be: "the word of the king".
(V19) Note: As you can see friend, there is a difference between:
the shadow of the degrees -KJV
&
the shadow (-on, -upon) the stairway -LSB
(V20) Note: The truth is, the Hebrew text reads:
the shadow of :— Construct state the degrees...”, and not:
the shadow (-on, -upon) the stairway...”.
Compare to the Hebrew interlinear:
הִנְנִי["behold-me!"] מֵשִׁיב["reversing"] צֵל["shadow-of"] הַֽמַּעֲלוֹת["the-degrees"]
The above is correct, OR,
“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees. ...” -KJV
(V21) Note: Here, let me be more narrow, the shadow of the degrees is the result of the sun shining light upon Ahaz's sun dial, which has degrees. The shadow of these degrees is called: the shadow of the degrees; hence the name, OR, the shadow [which is] of the degrees, OR, the degrees' shadow. This is no different than to say: "the shadow of the tree", OR, "the tree's shadow".
But it is not: the sun’s shadow.
Why is this important, well, because the verse goes on to say:
“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the Sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.”-KJV
So, when (the [actual] Sun) returned ten degrees back (Or, counterclockwise) in its circuit, (the shadow of the degrees) also returned ten degrees backward in the sun dial of Ahaz.
(V22) Note: Did you know, there are no verses in the KJV with the words:
(shadow of the sun) or (sun's shadow).
That's because the sun does not have a shadow, it is a shining light. OR,
When the light of the sun shines upon you, it is you who cast the shadow, we do not say: "lo! the sun's shadow", but rather, "lo! my shadow".
While it is true that your shadow is a byproduct of the sun's light, it is improper, and grammatically incorrect to say your shadow is of the sun, OR, the sun's shadow.
OR,
It is wrong to say that just because a light source shines light upon an object, the shadow of the object is then said to be of the light source.
Here is the order: 1) the sun shines light upon the object 2) the object cast a shadow 3) the shadow is of the object, and not of the sun.
(V23) Note: Tell me,
during an eclipse, whose shadow is casted upon the earth? do we say:
"lo! the sun's shadow", or do we say: "lo! the moon's shadow". OR,
Is it not true that when the Moon blocks
the Sun's light [or] the light of the Sun, it is
the Moon's shadow [or] the shadow of the Moon that is casted upon
the circle earth?
Or Are we now saying that light itself has a shadow? I hope not. Light itself is a light source and therefore cannot fulfil the criteria of having a shadow.
(V24) Behold!, your God.
(V25) 1 John 1:5
5 “This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God-θεὸς (theos)-God, (the supreme Divinity; God the Father)) is-ἐστιν (estin)-'to be') light-φῶς (phos)-light, radiance), and in-ἐν (en)-in) him is-ἔστιν (estin)-'to be') no-οὐκ (ouk)-no, not, (the absolute negative)) darkness-σκοτία (skotia)-darkness, (dimness, obscurity (literally or figuratively)) at all-οὐδεμία (oudemia)-not even one, not one).”
(V26) Note: The Greek word: (ἔστιν-is) is inflected in the Present tense.
(V27) Note: I believe the words: (light) & (darkness) are to be taken literally and figuratively.
(V28) James 1:17
17 “Every good gift, and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the Father-πατρὸς (patros)-Father, (God is called the Father)) of lights-φώτων (photon)-light, radiance), with whom is-ἔνι (eni)-in is, is present) no-οὐκ (ouk)-no, not (the absolute negative)) variableness-παραλλαγὴ (parallage)-change, variableness, (i.e. (figuratively) fickleness), neither-ἢ (e)-either, or) shadow-ἀποσκίασμα (aposkiasma)-a shadow, (a shade cast by one object upon another)) of turning-τροπῆς (tropes)-a turning, (i.e. revolving motion).”
(V29) Note: In 1 Thessalonians 5:5 // John 12:36 // Ephesians 5:8, believers are called: (“children of light”). To some, the word: (light) continues to be figuratively. But perhaps there is a deeper meaning that reveals a hidden truth.
(V30) Regardless,
It remains true to say, that light itself cannot posses a shadow.
Look!, light has no shadow.
The shadow shown is of the match stick, and of the hand.
(V31) The Challenge
(V32) Note: The challenge for the (LSB) is to explain how is it that our
bright and shinning Sun has a shadow of its own:
Isaiah 38:8 (LSB)
(“... So the sun's shadow went back ten steps...”)
IN NO WISE should the (LSB) assume that just because the sun shines light
upon an object, the shadow of the object is then said to be of the sun, OR,
the sun's shadow.
The (LSB) acted clever by priming the first clause:
(Behold, I will cause the shadow on the stairway, ...”)
for the justification of the second clause:
(“... So the sun's shadow went back ten steps ...”).
Sadly,
The work of the 'Legacy Standard Bible' for Isaiah 38:8 was
fruitless.
(V33) Note: At the bare minimum, the (LSB) could have written Isaiah 38:8 as:
“Behold, I will cause the shadow of the stairway, which has gone down with the sun on the stairway of Ahaz, to go back ten steps. ...”
(W) Furthermore,
(W1) Note: It should be of no surprise why the (LSB), like other translations favor the words: (steps) & (stairway) instead of: (degrees), that's because (steps) & (stairway) compliment the italicized word: (shadow).
Most certainly,
the (LSB) would not translate Isaiah 38:8 as:
“...So the sun went back ten steps on the stairway on which it had gone down.”
Why not? because then the translators would be compelled to use the words: (degrees) & (dial) instead of: (steps) & (stairway). The (LSB) would like you to believe that the second part of Isaiah 38:8 is about (the sun’s shadow), when in reality the first part of Isaiah 38:8 is about (the shadow of the degrees), while the second part is about (the Sun).
(W2) Note: But because the foundation for Isaiah 38:8 (LBS) was corrupt,
So was everything else that was built upon it!
(W3) Note: These modern translations are known to relapse in their errors.
But with patience, the error can be sought out.
(W4) Note: Unfortunately,
for some individuals, it is far better to ignore the error than to forfeit
profits and honors.
(W5) Note: Other translations, such as the New Living Translation (NLT) not only mistranslate the original Hebrew text, but also omit information, and don't even bother to italicize the word: (shadow).
Wrong: -New Living Translation
“... So the shadow on the sundial moved backward ten steps. [missing]”
Correct: -King James Bible
“... so the Sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.”
Correct: -Young's Literal Translation
“... and the sun turneth back ten degrees in the degrees that it had gone down.”
(W6) Lo!,
Two Worthy Translations.
(W7) Note: Hebrew Old Testament:
Westminster Leningrad Codex for: Isaiah 38:8
with: King James Bible
וַתָּשָׁב[and(so)-she-is-turning-back(returned)] הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙[the(the)-sun(Sun)] עֶ֣שֶׂר[ten-of(ten)] מַעֲלֹ֔ות[degrees(degrees)] בַּֽמַּעֲלֹ֖ות[in(by)-the-dial(degrees)] אֲשֶׁר[which(which)] יָרָֽדָה[she(it)-descended(was gone down)]
with: Young's Literal Translation
וַתָּשָׁב[and(and)-she-is-turning-back(turneth back)] הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙[the(the)-sun(sun)] עֶ֣שֶׂר[ten-of(ten)] מַעֲלֹ֔ות[degrees(degrees)] בַּֽמַּעֲלֹ֖ות[in(in)-the-dial(the degrees)] אֲשֶׁר[which(that)] יָרָֽדָה[she(it)-descended(had gone down)]
“O', the Beauty, of Truth & Harmony.
I will adorn it, and indeed I will.”
(W8) Note: Brothers,
Do not stagger. Do not be ashamed of what God has declared to be so.
Be rooted.
(W9) Note: Perhaps, you are beginning to understand why there is so much opposition against the
'King James Bible'
(W20) Note: Nevertheless,
This book, under the authority of a King, the highest honor of the land,
has and still does, prevail!
(W21) More so,
(W22) Note: The Hebrew word:
(“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees H322-backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward): ...”) -Isaiah 38:8 (KJV)
can be found seven (7) times. Below is one (1) example.
(W23) Genesis 9:23
23 “And Shem and Japheth took a garment, and laid it upon both their shoulders, and went-וַיֵּֽלְכוּ (way-yê-lə-ḵū)-to go, walk) H322-backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward), and covered the nakedness of their father, and their faces were H322-backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward), and they saw not their father's nakedness.”
(W24) Note: This is exactly what Isaiah 38:8 says about (the Sun) & (shadow of the degrees), both returned ten degrees H322-backward.
(W25) Note: The Hebrew word: (H322-אֲחֹרַנִּית-backward) has its roots from the Hebrew word: (H268-אָחוֹר ʼâchôwr); the hinder part, the back side. Below is one (1) example of the Strong's Number: H268.
(W26) Genesis 49:17
17 “Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an //adder (Hebr. an arrow-snake) in the path, that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall H268-backward-אָחֽוֹר (’ā-ḥō-wr.).”
(W27) Note: Furthermore, the Hebrew word: (H268-אָחוֹר ʼâchôwr) has its roots from the Hebrew word: (H7451-רַע raʻ); bad or evil. And H7451-רַע raʻ has its roots from the primitive Hebrew root word: (H7489-רָעַע râʻaʻ); properly, to spoil, to be bad or evil.
OR,
(W28) Isaiah 38:8
(“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz ten degrees H322-backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית-backward): ...”)
H322 is from the root: H268-אָחוֹר ʼâchôwr; the hinder part, the back side, back (part, -side, -ward).
H268 is from the root: H7451-רַע raʻ; bad or evil.
H7451 is from the primitive root: H7489-רָעַע râʻaʻ; properly, to spoil, to be bad or evil.
OR,
[amplified]
The Sun & shadow returned ten degrees backward-(the back side) in the opposite-(bad/wrong) direction.
(W29) Note: Hear ye now.
True or False?
(W30) Note: In order for both (the Sun) & (the shadow) to H7725-return (retract), the Sun would have to be positioned past the noon (12 p.m.) time; West of you? OR,
Does not your shadow draw back if the sun were to move counterclockwise after the noon hour (12 p.m.)?, But of course, your shadow would retract if the Sun were to move from West-to-East (or, Counterclockwise) when the Sun is away from you (past the noon time). OR,
When the Sun is Westward of you, your shadow is facing Eastward. So, if the Sun were to return back 10 degrees counterclockwise over the circle earth from West-to-East, your shadow would also return 10 degrees, but from East-to-West. Thus, both the Sun & shadow moving closer to each other.
That is what Isaiah 38:8 says, both (the Sun) and (the shadow of the degrees) returned ten degrees. OR, When the Sun returned ten degrees backward, the shadow of the degrees also retracted ten degrees.
Just as the Hebrew text reads, and also the King James Bible:
(W31) 8 “Behold,
I H7725-will bring again-מֵשִׁיב (mê-šîḇ)-to bring back, (a primitive root; to turn back (hence), (re)turn, to cause to return) H6738-the shadow of-צֵל (ṣêl)-a shadow, shade (i.e. shadow on dial)) the degrees which is gone down in the Sun-dial of Ahaz, ten-עֶשֶׂר (‘e-śer)-ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)) degrees-מַעֲלוֹת (ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ;)-a going up, ascent, step, (steps (forming sun-dial)) H322-backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward, (back (-ward, again)): H7725-so H8121-the Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (haš-še-meš)-ministrant, sun, (from an unused root meaning to be brilliant) returned-וַתָּשָׁב (wat-tā-šāḇ)-to turn back, return) ten-עֶשֶׂר (‘e-śer)-ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)) degrees-מַעֲלוֹת (ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ;)-a going up, ascent, step, (steps (forming sun-dial)), by which degrees it was gone down.”
"The shadow cannot move, unless the Sun moves."
(X) H3381-is gone down
(X1) Note: We know that Isaiah 38:8 had to occur after the noon time.
The clue is in the phrase:
(“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which
H3381-is gone down-יָרְדָה (yā-rə-ḏāh)-to go down, descend, march down) in the Sun-dial of Ahaz, ...”). That is to say:
["behold-me!"] ["reversing"] ["shadow-of"] ["the-degrees"] ["which"]
H3381-יָרְדָה-["she-descended":—Perfect tense] ["in-dial-of"] ["Ahaz"]
(X2) Note: Below is an example of the same Hebrew word:
(H3381-יָרְדָה-is gone down).
(X3) 2 Kings 1:14
14 “Behold, H3381-there came fire down-יָרְדָה (yā-rə-ḏāh)-to go down, descend, march down) from heaven, and burnt up the two captains of the former fifties, with their fifties: Therefore let my life now be precious in thy sight.”
(X4) Note: In this example, the point of origen is (heaven), and the fire went out from there (Or, fire came down from heaven).
(X5) Note: As you can see, the phrase:
(“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which
H3381-is gone down-יָרְדָה (yā-rə-ḏāh)-to go down, descend, march down) in the Sun-dial of Ahaz, ...”) implies that the shadow of the degrees had already gone down, OR, had stretched out. Do not confuse:
(H3381)-to go down (ex. to go away from you)
with:
(H7725)-to bring back (ex. to come back to you)
(X6) Note: But,
When the Sun returned ten degrees backward, the shadow of the degrees (H7725 -retracted, -came back, -drew back, -pulled back) ten degrees in the sun dial of Ahaz. Which confirms that the Sun had to be positioned somewhere past the noon time. OR, when the Sun returned ten degrees from West-to-East, the the shadow of the degrees also returned ten degrees but from East-to-West.
Why? because if the Sun had returned ten degrees before the noon time, then the shadow of the degrees would of (H3381 -moved outwards, -increased, -stretched out) in the opposite direction to the Sun.
But what does scripture say:
“Behold, I H7725-will bring again-מֵשִׁיב (mê-šîḇ)-to bring back, (a primitive root; to turn back (-hence), (re)turn, to cause to return) the shadow of the degrees ...”
&
H7725-so the Sun-הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ (haš-še-meš)-ministrant, sun, (from an unused root meaning to be brilliant) returned-וַתָּשָׁב (wat-tā-šāḇ)-to turn back, return) ten degrees, ...”
(X7) Note: So then, for both (the Sun) and (shadow of the degrees) to return ten degrees backward, the Sun had to be positioned past the noon hour.
(X8) Note: This same Strong's Number:
(“Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees which
H3381-is gone down in the Sun-dial of Ahaz, ...”)
is also used
in the second part of Isaiah 38:8 for the Hebrew word:
(“... so the Sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees H3381-it was gone down-יָרָֽדָה-to go down, descend, march down).”)
(X9) Note: The word: (it) points back to (the Sun), and not: (the sun's shadow). This also confirms: 1.) the Sun moves above the earth. 2.) the Sun had to return back ten degrees in the opposite direction that it had gone down. OR,
“... so the Sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it [had] gone down.”
Remember, the Hebrew word: (H3381-יָרָֽדָה-it was gone down) is in the Perfect tense.
(X10) Note: Consider the Young's Literal Translation (YLT)
“... and the sun turneth back ten degrees in the degrees that it had gone down.”
(X12) Note: Can you see the parallel of Isaiah 38:8?
The LORD was going to return the shadow of the degrees ten degrees back in the sun dial of Ahaz. But for this to be accomplished he had to return the Sun ten degrees backward. So, when the Sun returned ten degrees backward, the shadow of the degrees also return ten degrees backward in the sun-dial of Ahaz.
(X13) Note: The next question is: at approximately what time did the Sun return ten degrees backward? Well, I can assure you that one degree did not equate to one hour, why? because there isn't 10 hours of daylight after 12 p.m. Therefore, each degree had to represent a lesser amount of time.
(X14) 360 degrees.
(X15) Note: A circle has 360 degrees. The circle earth has 360 degrees.
“...the Sun returned ten degrees...”.-Isaiah 38:7-8
First,
divide 360 degrees by a twenty-four (24) hour day, equals to 15 degrees per hour.
360 degrees ÷ 24 hours = 15 degrees per hour. OR,
15 degrees per hour × 24 hours = 360 degrees.
1 degree equals to approximately: 0.067 hours (Or, 4 minutes).
0.067 hours × 360 degrees = 24 hours. OR,
0.067 hours × 60 = 4 minutes.
But the sun went back 10 degrees.
4 minutes × 10 degrees = 40 minutes.
Lets check the math.
4 minutes per degree × 360 degrees = 1,440 minutes.
1,440 minutes ÷ 60 minutes = 24 hours.
OR,
God returned the sun counter-clockwise 10 degrees.
(approx. 40 minutes back).
IF
We were to assume the sundial of King Ahaz had 360 degrees, then there would be 15 degrees in an hour, so 10 degrees would be 40 minutes. Otherwise, if each degree of King Ahaz's sundial represented a different figure (e.g. 1 degree = half an hour, or a quarter of an hour), then the actual distance and time the sun & shadow returned, was greater than 40 minutes.
(X16) Note: Peculiar Connections:
(a.) The LORD added 15 years to Hezekiah. There are 15 degrees in 1 hour.
(b.) There are 1,440 minutes in a day. 144,000 are sealed in Revelation 7:4.
(c.) A day has 24 hours. There are 24 elders in Revelation 4:4.
(d.) 1 year has 12 months. The 12 tribes of Israel, The 12 Apostles, The New Jerusalem is 12,000 furlongs with 12 foundations.
(e.) A circle has 360 degrees. God's calendar has 360 days.
(f.) A circle has 360 degrees. The Bible has 36 books.
(X17) Note: A topic that might interest you: 'Bible Gematria'.
(X18) Note: Reason with me now.
1.) As the (sun) moves over the circle earth, different regions experience different seasons. Take Australia as an example, when the sun is closest to Australia, it is summer time; meanwhile, the northern regions experience winter time. OR,
Summer time in the U.S is during the months of June-August; while in Australia it is winter season. OR,
If you live in the U.S, then winter time is during the months of December-February, while in Australia is summer season.
If you noticed, areas around the equator tend to remain warm all year long.
2.) Are you really going to convince yourself that all this can be explained away with the "23.4 degrees axial tilt of the globe earth?" OR,
90 degrees - 23.4 degrees = 66.6 degrees.
3.) Or, are you also going to tell me the earth
orbits the sun at 66,600 miles per hour?
...Hmm
(Y) Cross-Reference to Isaiah 38:7-8
(Y1) Note: 2 Kings 20:9-11
9 “And Isaiah said, This sign-הָאוֹת (hā-’ō-wṯ)-a sign, signal (sign, miracle, proof:—as pledges or attestations of divine presence & interposition)) shalt thou have of-מֵאֵת (mê-’êṯ)-from (expressing origination)) the LORD, that the LORD will do-יַעֲשֶׂה (ya-‘ă-śeh)-to do, (a primitive root; to do or make)) the thing-הַדָּבָר (had-dā-ḇār)-a word, matter, thing, (a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing)) that he hath spoken-דִּבֵּר (dib-bêr;)-to be spoken of or for, (a primitive root; perhaps properly, to arrange)): shall the shadow-הַצֵּל (haṣ-ṣêl)-a shadow, shade) go forward-הָלַךְ (hā-laḵ)-to go on, proceed, to walk (of shadow on dial go forward)) ten-עֶשֶׂר (‘e-śer)-ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)) degrees-מַֽעֲלוֹת (ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ,)-a going up, ascent, step, (steps (forming sun-dial)), or go back-יָשׁוּב (yā-šūḇ)-to turn back, return) ten degrees? 10 And Hezekiah answered, It is a light thing-נָקֵל (nā-qêl)-to be or become light, (trifling, i.e. of little account), be easy to) for the shadow to go down-לִנְטוֹת (lin-ṭō-wṯ)-to stretch out, (a primitive root; to stretch or spread out)) ten degrees: nay-לֹא (lō)-no, (the simple or abstract negation)), but-כִי (ḵî,)-but (after negative)) let the shadow-הַצֵּל (haṣ-ṣêl)-a shadow, shade) return-יָשׁוּב (yā-šūḇ)-to turn back, return, bring back) backward-אֲחֹרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward, (back (-ward, again)) ten degrees. 11 And Isaiah the Prophet cried-וַיִּקְרָא (way-yiq-rā)-to call, (to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name)) unto the LORD, and he brought-וַיָּשֶׁב (way-yā-šeḇ)-to turn back, return, bring back) the shadow ten degrees backward-אֲחֹֽרַנִּית (’ă-ḥō-ran-nîṯ)-backward, (back (-ward, again)), by which it had gone down-יָרְדָה (yā-rə-ḏāh)-to go down, descend, (literally, to go downwards (of shadow on dial)) in the //dial-בְּמַעֲלוֹת (bə-ma-‘ă-lō-wṯ)-going up, ascent, step, (elevation, i.e. the act (literally, a journey to a higher place), specifically a climactic progression)) (Hebr. degrees) of Ahaz.”
(Y2) Note: 2 Kings 20:9-11 is a direct cross reference to Isaiah 38:7-8.
(Y3) Note: If you noticed, 2 Kings 20:9-11 does not mention (the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙) moving backwards ten degrees, it's okay. We should never rebuke one verse with another. It has already been established that (the Sun-הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙) moved ten degrees backwards in Isaiah 38:7-8. This type of parallels can also be found in the Gospels of Matthew, Luke, Mark, and John; with each providing small fragments of information of the same event. If anything, having multiple witnesses strengthens the validity of the statement. Nonetheless, there are no contradictions.
(Y4) Note: A good many have tried to explain away this wonder. Some have even suggested the following: "an earthquake", "a cloud of vapor", "the revolution of the earth upon its axis was actually reversed for a time", "a mock sun", "reflection of the sun's rays", "eclipse". Regardless of what men theorize, God has given us proof, testimonies, witnesses, facts, and truths. Sometimes we need to be reminded who Satan is; the enemy of men. He is a liar and a deceiver.
(Y5) Matthew 4:7-9
7 “Jesus said unto him, It is written again, Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God. 8 Again the Devil taketh him up into an exceeding high mountain, and sheweth him all the kingdoms of the world, and the glory of them: 9 And saith unto him, All these things will I give thee, if thou wilt fall down and worship me.”
(Y6) Luke 4:5-7
5 “And the devil taking him up into an high mountain, shewed unto him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time. 6 And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them; for that is delivered unto me, and to whomsoever I will, I give it. 7 If thou therefore wilt //worship me (Or, fall down before me), all shall be thine.”
Satan tempted our Master with glory, power, and the kingdoms of this world.
Our Lord Jesus Christ is set to return and restore all things unto himself, until then, Satan will continue to deceive many.
Friends,
Do you really think the Devil is going to allow the Truth of God to prevail? but it is his purpose to oppose & suppress all truth.
Updating
&
Re-formatting
this section:
OUR
FORGIVENESS
...step by step