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1611 AV
-vs-
Modern Bibles
Beloved of the Lord;
Remember: “And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch. And it came to pass, that a whole year they assembled themselves with the church, and taught much people. And the disciples were called-χρηματίσαι (chrematisai)-to declare by an oracle, (universally, to receive a name or title, be called)) Christians-Χριστιανούς (Christianous)-belonging to Christ, (a Christian, i.e. follower of Christ:—Christian)) first-πρώτον (proton)-firstly (in time, place, order, or importance):—before, at the beginning, chiefly (at, at the) first (of all)) in Antioch-Ἀντιοχείᾳ (Antiocheia)-Antiochia, a place in Syria:—Antioch.”
-(Acts 11:26)
1. Why the King James Bible?
Bibles:
Authorized Version 1611 [Punctuation, Capitalization, & Italics]
&
King James Bible 1769 [Spelling]
Concordance / Lexicon:
-
Analytical Concordance to the Bible: Robert Young, 1880.
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The New Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible.
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Thayer's Greek Lexicon.
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Friberg Analytical Greek Lexicon
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Gingrich, Greek New Testament Lexicon
-
Danker, Greek New Testament Lexicon
Greek Text:
Stephanus 1550 & Beza's 1598 & Scrivener's 1894 Textus Receptus.
Key:
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H/G#### : Strong's Exhaustive Concordance Number:— used when comparing Greek or Hebrew words that share the same Root Word, but not the same Inflection / Parsing.
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Brackets w/ Parenthesis [(abc)] : My commentary insert/input.
Commentaries:
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StudyLight.org: SL (click)
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BibleHub.com: BH (click)
Greek Interlinear:
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Manuscripts
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Now,
someone might think to ask, Am I saved even if I read another Bible translation other than the King James Version?
“Of course you are! for we are saved by grace through 'the faith'-(τῆς πίστεως-Ephesians 2:8), and not by the Bible version. I myself, began using both the KJV and NASB side by side. And although I am a King James Bible advocate, I do not disfellowship any Christian believer for simply reading a different Bible translation, Or, as Romans 14:4 will say it: “Who art thou that judgest another man's servant? to his own master he standeth or falleth. Yea, he shall be holden up: for God is able to make him stand.”
As your fellow-laborer of the faith, I sow, let another water, but it is God who gives the increase of knowledge and understanding. To be frank, I rely primarily on the Greek text (Textus Receptus) above any English translation. However, I favor Bible versions that stem out of the majority line of manuscripts (Antioch) such as the 'Youngs Literal Translation'; I find this translation to be a reliable as well.
If you seek truth and accuracy, then learn the history of your Bible; for I tell you, not all Bibles are translated from the same family line of manuscripts.
I believe the King James Bible to be a faithful translation for the English speaking tongue.
ANTIOCH
vs
ALEXANDRIA
We hear much talk these days about "older" and "more authoritative" manuscripts (DaVinci Code), but we aren't hearing much about the origin of these manuscripts. It is a well established fact that there are only two lines of Bibles: one coming from Antioch, Syria (known as the Syrian or Byzantine type text), and one coming from Alexandria, Egypt (known as the Egyptian or Hesycnian type text). The Syrian text from Antioch is the Majority text from which our King James 1611 comes, and the Egyptian text is the minority text from which the new perversions come. (Never mind Rome and her Western text, for she got her manuscripts from Alexandria.)
The manuscripts from Antioch were mostly copied by Bible-believing Christians for the purpose of winning souls and spreading the word of God. The manuscripts from Alexandria were produced by infidels such as Origen Adamantius and Clement of Alexandria. These manuscripts are corrupted with Greek philosophy "Beware lest any man spoil you through philosophy and vain deceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the world, and not after Christ." (Colossians 2:8), and allegorical foolishness (not believing God's word literally). The strange thing is that most Christians aren't paying any attention to what God's word says about these two places! Notice how the Holy Spirit casts Egypt and Alexandria in a NEGATIVE light, while His comments on Antioch tend to be very positive:
EGYPT / ALEXANDRIA / ROME
Manuscripts:
Minority text // LXX // Vaticanus // Sinaticus
The word: Egypt can be found 611 times.
1.
The first time Egypt is mentioned,
is about Abram not trusting Egyptians around his wife.
Genesis 12:10-13
10 “And there was a famine in the land, and Abram went down into Egypt, to sojourn there: for the famine was grievous in the land.
11 And it came to pass when he was come near to enter into Egypt, that he said unto Sarai his wife, Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman to look upon.
12 Therefore it shall come to pass, when the Egyptians-הַמִּצְרִים (ham-miṣ-rîm,)-inhabitants of Egypt) shall see thee, that they shall say, This is his wife: and they will kill-וְהָרְגוּ (wə-hā-rə-ḡū)-kill, slay, murder) me, but they will save thee alive.
13 Say, I pray thee, thou art my sister-אֲחֹתִי (’ă-ḥō-ṯî)-sister (i.e: half sister-see Genesis 20:12), that it may be well with me, for thy sake; and my soul-נַפְשִׁי (nap̄-šî)-soul, self, life) shall live, because of thee.”
2.
Joseph, a type of Christ,
was sold into Egypt as a slave.
Genesis 37:36
36 “And the Midianites-מְדָנִי (Medaniy)-a member of the tribe of Midian) sold him into Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, and //captain of the guard-טַבָּח (tabbach)-slaughterer, executioner, a slayer) (Heb. chief of the slaughter, or executioners Or, chief Marshall).”
3.
Joseph did not want his body (bones) left in Egypt.
Genesis 50:24-26
24 “And Joseph said unto his brethren, I die: and God will surely visit you, and bring you out of this land, unto the land which he sware to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob.
25 And Joseph took an oath of the children of Israel, saying, God will surely visit you, and ye shall carry up my bones-עַצְמֹתַי (‘aṣ-mō-ṯay)-bone, substance, self) from hence.
26 So Joseph died, being an hundred and ten years old: and they embalmed-וַיַּחַנְטוּ (way-ya-ḥan-ṭū)-to embalm, (i.e; embalm corpses, to spice; by implication, to embalm; also to ripen:—embalm, put forth) him, and he was put in a coffin in Egypt.”
4.
God killed all
the firstborn of the land of Egypt.
Exodus 12:12
12 “For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite-וְהִכֵּיתִי (wə-hik-kê-ṯî)-to (cause to) smite, (i.e; to be (fatally) smitten, be killed, be slain) all the firstborn-בְּכוֹר֙ (bə-ḵō-wr)-firstborn, firstling, first-born) in the land of Egypt, both man and beast, and against all the //gods-אֱלֹהֵ֥י (’ĕ-lō-hê)-rulers, judges, princess, divine ones, or else; the idols of the Egyptians) (Or, princess) of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the LORD.”
5.
God calls Egypt
"the house of bondage."
Exodus 20:1-2
1 “And God spake all these words, saying,
2 I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house-מִבֵּית (mib-bêṯ)-house, household, dwelling habitation) of //bondage-עֲבָדִֽים (‘ă-ḇā-ḏîm.)-slave, servant, ((bond-) servant, (man-) servant) (Hebr. servants):”
6.
God calls Egypt
an "iron furnace."
Deuteronomy 4:20
20 “But the LORD hath taken you, and brought you forth out of the iron-הַבַּרְזֶל (hab-bar-zel)-iron, (fig. harshness, strength, oppression)) furnace-מִכּוּר (mik-kūr)-furnace, a crucible, (metaph. furnace of affliction), even out of Egypt, to be unto him a people of inheritance, as ye are this day.”
7.
The Kings of Israel
were forbidden to get horses from Egypt, so why should we look there for a Bible?
Deuteronomy 17:14-16
14 “When thou art come unto the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt dwell therein, and shalt say, I will set a King over me, like as all the nations that are about me:
15 Thou shalt in any wise set him King over thee, whom the LORD thy God shall choose. One from among thy brethren shalt thou set King over thee: thou mayest not set a stranger over thee, which is not thy brother.
16 But he shall not multiply horses to himself, nor cause the people to return-יָשִׁיב (yā-šîḇ)-to return, turn back, go back) to Egypt, to the end that he should multiply horses: for as much as the LORD hath said unto you, Ye shall henceforth-תֹסִפוּן (ṯō-si-p̄ūn,)-to do more, do again) return-לָשׁוּב (lā-šūḇ)-to return, turn back, go back) no-לֹא (lō)-no, not) more-עֽוֹד (‘ō-wḏ.)-again, still, yet, more) that way-בַּדֶּרֶךְ (bad-de-reḵ)-trodden path or way).”
"The use of these animals was not absolutely prohibited, nor is there any reason to conclude that they might not be employed as part of the state equipage. But the multiplication of horses would inevitably lead to many evils, to increased intercourse with foreign nations, especially with Egypt, to the importation of an animal to which the character of the country was not suited, to the establishment of an Oriental military despotism, to proud and pompous parade in peace, to a dependence upon Egypt in time of war, and a consequent withdrawal of trust and confidence in God."
-Jamieson Fausset
8.
A remnant of Judah are told not to go and dwell in Egypt.
Jeremiah 42:13-19
13 “But if ye say, We will not dwell in this land, neither obey the voice of the LORD your God,
14 Saying, No, but we will go-נָבוֹא (nā-ḇō-w,)-to go in, (to enter, come in) into the land of Egypt, where we shall see no war, nor hear the sound of the Trumpet, nor have hunger of bread, and there will we dwell-נֵשֵֽׁב (nê-šêḇ.)-to sit down or still, (to dwell, remain, sit, abide):
15 (And now therefore hear the word of the LORD, ye remnant of Judah, Thus saith the LORD of hosts the God of Israel, If ye wholly set your faces to enter-לָבֹא (lā-ḇō)-to go or come in) into Egypt, and go to sojourn-לָגוּר (lā-ḡūr)-to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit) there:)
16 Then it shall come to pass, that the sword-הַחֶרֶב (ha-ḥe-reḇ,)-sword, knife, (symb. "as laying waste")) which ye feared-יְרֵאִים (yə-rê-’îm)-fearing, (be afraid of), shall overtake-תַּשִּׂיג (taś-śîḡ)-to cause to reach, attain, overtake) you there in the land of Egypt, and the famine-וְהָרָעָב (wə-hā-rā-‘āḇ)-hunger, famine) whereof ye were afraid-דֹּאֲגִים (dō-’ă-ḡîm)-to be grieved, melted, (a primitive root; be anxious), //shall follow close-יִדְבַּק (yiḏ-baq)-to cleave, adhere to, cling) after you-אַחֲרֵיכֶם (’a-ḥă-rê-ḵem)-after, behind) (Hebr. shall cleave after you) in Egypt, and there ye shall die-תָּמֻֽתוּ (tā-mu-ṯū.)-to die).
17 //So shall it be with all the men (Hebr. so shall all the men be) that set their faces to go into Egypt to sojourn-לָגוּר (lā-ḡūr)-to sojourn, abide, dwell in, dwell with, remain, inhabit) there, they shall die by the sword, by the famine, and by the pestilence: and none of them shall remain or escape from the evil that I will bring upon them.
18 For thus saith the LORD of hosts the God of Israel, As mine anger and my fury hath been poured forth upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem: so shall my fury be poured forth upon you, when ye shall enter-בְּבֹאֲכֶם (bə-ḇō-’ă-ḵem)-to go in, (to enter, come in) into Egypt: and ye shall be an execration-לְאָלָה (lə-’ā-lāh)-execration, oath, curse, (an oath, to enter into an oath, i.e. to bind oneself by oath), and an astonishment-וּלְשַׁמָּה (ū-lə-šam-māh)-astonishment, (by implication, consternation:—astonishment, desolate(-ion), waste, appalment), and a curse-וְלִקְלָלָה (wə-liq-lā-lāh)-a reviling, thing lightly esteemed), and a reproach-וּלְחֶרְפָּה (ū-lə-ḥer-pāh,)-reproach, (from H2778; contumely, disgrace, the pudenda:—rebuke, reproach(-fully), shame), and ye shall see this place no more.
19 The LORD hath said concerning you, O ye remnant of Judah, Go ye-תָּבֹאוּ (tā-ḇō-’ū)-to go in, (to enter, come in)) not-אַל־ (’al-)-not (the qualified negation, used as a deprecative)) into Egypt: know certainly, that I have //admonished-הַעִידֹתִי (ha-‘î-ḏō-ṯî)-to testify, say again and again, (a primitive root; to duplicate or repeat; by implication, to protest, testify (as by reiteration)) you (Hebr. testified against you) this day.”
9.
God plans to punish Egypt.
Jeremiah. 46:25
25 “The LORD of hosts the God of Israel saith, Behold, I will punish-פוֹקֵד (p̄ō-w-qêḏ)-to inspect, to pay attention to, observe, or else; to strike upon or against, to visit upon; punish) the multitude of No, and Pharaoh, and Egypt, with their gods-אֱלֹהֶיהָ (’ĕ-lō-he-hā)-gods, (i.e. deities in general, whether true or false), and their kings, even Pharaoh-פַּרְעֹה (par-‘ōh)-Pharaoh = "great house" (of Egyptian derivation; Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings:—Pharaoh), and all them that trust in him.”
the multitude of No: the inhabitants of it, which were many, called "populous No", Nahum 3:8; a famous city in Egypt. Some take it to be Diospolis or Thebes; and others (p) the same that is now called Alexandria; and so the Targum renders it; and which is followed by the Vulgate Latin version: and Jarchi calls it the seignory or government of Alexandria; and takes Amon, the word for "multitude", to signify the prince of this place; and so Kimchi and Ben Melech interpret it, king of a city called No: rather Jupiter Ammon (q) is meant, an idol of the Egyptians, which had a temple in Thebes, and was worshipped in it; and who had his name from Ham, the son of Noah. Hillerus (r), by various arguments, endeavours to prove that No is the same city with Memphis, and that No Amon signifies "the habitation of the nourished"; that is, of Apis, which was nourished here. But be he who he will, or the place what it will, he or that would certainly be punished;
gods: “When an idolatrous nation,” says Blaney, “is doomed to destruction, God is said to execute vengeance upon the idols of the country..." -Benson
10.
God calls his Son out of Egypt.
Matthew 2:14-15
14 “When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt:
15 And was there until the death of Herod, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the Prophet, saying, Out of-Ἐξ (Ex)-from out of, out from) Egypt have I called my son.”
&
Hosea 11:1
1 “When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called-קָרָאתִי (qā-rā-ṯî)-to call-(out), name) my son out of Egypt.”
Commentaries:
***When Israel was a child: i.e., in the earliest stage of Israel’s national existence, which is here dated,... from the sojourn in Egypt. -Cambridge Bible
***And called my son out of Egypt: As He said to Pharaoh, "Israel is My son, even My firstborn; let My son go, that he may serve Me" Exodus 4:22-23. God chose him out of all nations, to be His special people. -Barnes Notes BH
***And called my son out of Egypt — Namely, by Moses, whom God commanded to acquaint the Israelites that they must remove out of Egypt. [(the nation of)] Israel is called God’s son, and his firstborn, Exodus 4:22-23; and therein was an eminent figure of the Messiah, in whom all God’s promises were fulfilled. This prophecy, therefore, is applied by St. Matthew 2:15, to our Lord’s return out of Egypt, after his being taken thither by his parents in his infancy, and kept there some time for fear of Herod. -Benson Commentary BH
11.
Egypt is placed in the same category as Sodom.
Revelation 11:7-8
7 “And when they shall have finished their testimony, the beast that ascendeth out of the bottomless pit, shall make war against them, and shall overcome them, and kill them.
8 And their dead bodies shall lie in the street of the great city, which spiritually is called Sodom-Σόδομα (sodoma)-"burning", a city destroyed by the Lord raining fire and brimstone on it, metaph. Jerusalem) and Egypt-Αἴγυπτος (aigyptos)-"double straits", a country occupying the northeast angle of Africa, (metaph. Jerusalem, for the Jews persecuting the Christ and his followers, and so is to be likened to the Egyptians treating the Jews), where also our Lord was crucified.”
12.
A Jew from Alexandria, Egypt.
Acts 18:24-25
24 “And a certain Jew-Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaios)-Jew, (belonging to the Jewish race), named Apollos-Ἀπολλῶς (Apollos)- Apollos, (an Israelite:—Apollos), born-γένει (genei)-by birth) at Alexandria-Ἀλεξανδρεὺς (Alexandreus)-of Alexander, (A city in Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great, B.C. 332); A native or a resident of Alexandria (a celebrated city of Egypt)), an eloquent-λόγιος (logios)-eloquent, full of words, (i.e. skilled in speech)) man, and mighty-δυνατὸς (dunatos)-able, powerful, (i.e. excelling in something)) in the Scriptures-γραφαῖς (graphais)-writing, anything written), came-κατήντησεν (katentesen)-to come down on or against, (to come to, arrive at)) to Ephesus. 25 This man was instructed in the way of the Lord, and being fervent in the spirit, he spake and taught diligently the things of the Lord, knowing only the baptism of John.”
Note: According to the timeline of the book of Acts, this account happened around 52-54 AD. Which suggest that (Apollos) had not yet heard of the Gospel back in Alexandria; since he only knew the (baptism of John:— 26 AD). OR, the New Covenant had not yet been preached in Alexandria, Egypt. This is key, as most modern Bible translations rely on the so called "oldest & best" 'Alexandria manuscripts' as their prefer text over the 'Antiochian manuscripts'.
13.
Paul was taken prisoner to Rome
in two ships from Alexandria.
Acts 27:5-6
5 “And when we had sailed over the sea of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we came to Myra a city of Lycia.
6 “And there the Centurion found a ship-πλοῖον (ploion)-a ship, a sailing vessel) of Alexandria-Ἀλεξανδρῖνον (Alexandrinon)-of Alexandria or belonging to Alexandria) sailing into Italy-Ἰταλίαν (Italian)-Italia, (a region of Europe; the country of which Rome is the capital), and he put us therein.”
&
Acts 28:11
11 “And after three months we departed in a ship of Alexandria-Ἀλεξανδρῖνον (Alexandrinon)-of Alexandria or belonging to Alexandria), which had wintered in the isle, whose sign-παρασήμῳ (pharasemo)-ensign, marked with a sign, (i.e. in a ship marked with the image or figure of the Dioscuri)) was Castor and Pollux-Διοσκούροις (dioukourois)-Sons of Jupiter, (Castor and Pollux, were the twin sons of Jupiter and Leda, and were regarded as the tutelary divinities of sailors).”
Alexandria
Was the second largest city of the Roman Empire, with Rome being the first. It was founded in 332 B.C. by Alexander the Great (a type of the Antichrist in Daniel 8). Located at the Nile Delta, Alexandria was the home of the Pharos Lighthouse, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient world. Also, during the second and third centuries B.C., it was the home of a massive library containing between 500,000 and 700,000 volumes. It was also the home of a catechetical school once headmastered by the great apostate Adamantius Origen (185-254 A.D.).
In light of the above,
"Why would any Christian expect to find
the true & faithful words of God
in the Alexandrian manuscripts?"
ANTIOCH/ ASIA MINOR / JERUSALEM
Manuscripts:
Majority Text / Byzantine text-type / Textus Receptus
1.
Nicolas, from Antioch was among other brethren who did service to the saints.
Do you suppose it is a mere accident that the Holy Spirit first mentions Antioch in the same chapter where He first mentions Alexandria?
Acts 6:1-5
1 “And in those days when the number of the Disciples-μαθητῶν (matheton)-taught or trained one, a learner, (i.e. pupil:—disciple) was multiplied-πληθυνόντων (plethumomton)-to multiply, increase), there arose a murmuring of the Grecians against the Hebrews, because their widows were neglected in the daily ministration.
2 Then the twelve called the multitude-πλῆθος (plethos)-multitude, a fulness, (i.e. a large number) of the disciples unto them, and said, It is not reason that we should leave the word of God, and serve tables.
3 Wherefore brethren, look ye out among you seven men of honest report-μαρτυρουμένους (marturoumenous)-to be a witness, (i.e. testify, accredited, attested, of good report, approved), full-πλήρεις (plereis)-full) of the holy Ghost, and wisdom-σοφίας (sophia)-wisdom, skill, broad and full of intelligence; used of the knowledge of very diverse matters, skill in the management of affairs), whom we may appoint over this business.
4 But we will give ourselves continually-προσκαρτερήσομεν (proskarteresomen)-to endure or persevere toward (anything)) to prayer, and to the ministry of the word.
5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude: and they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and of the holy Ghost, and Philip, and Prochorus, and Nicanor, and Timon, and Parmenas, and Nicolas a proselyte of Antioch-Ἀντιοχέα (Antiochea)-an Antiochian, a native of Antioch).”
Note: The phrase: (in those days) is estimated to had been between 33-35 AD at Jerusalem where the church began to grow.
2.
Antioch is a shelter for persecuted saints.
Acts 11:19
19 “Now they which were scattered abroad-διασπαρέντες (diasparentes)-to scatter diversely, disperse) upon the persecution-θλίψεως (thlipseos)-a pressing, pressing together, pressure, (metaph. oppression, affliction, tribulation, distress, straits) that arose about Stephen, travalled-διῆλθον (dielthon)-to come or go through) as far as-ἕως (heos)-unto, up to (of place)) Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch-Ἀντιοχείας (Antiocheias)-a place in Syria:—Antioch), preaching-λαλοῦντες (lalountes)-to talk, discourse) the word to none, but unto the Jews only.”
Note: Antioch: Capital of Syria, situated on the river Orontes, founded by Seleucus Nicanor in 300 B.C. and named in honour of his father, Antiochus. Many Greek-Jews lived there and it was here that the followers of Christ were first called Christians.
Note: The following locations: (Phenice, and Cyprus, and Antioch) are situated North of Jerusalem. Why is this important, well, because Alexandria Egypt is located South. But the persecuted saints fled North, preaching the word to the Jews only.
Note: (1.) The estimated date for Acts 11:19 is said to be between 41-43 AD. (2.) Approximately 10 years have elapsed since the crucifixion of our Lord Jesus. (3.) At this point there is no mention of the Gospel having been preached in the regions of Egypt.
3.
The first major movement of the Holy Ghost among the Gentiles occurs in Antioch.
Acts 11:20-21
20 “And some of them were men of Cyprus, and Cyrene, which when they were come-εἰσελθόντες (eiselthontes)-come in, to enter) to Antioch, spake unto the Grecians, preaching-εὐαγγελιζόμενοι (euaggelizomenoi)-to bring good news, to announce glad tidings) the Lord Jesus.
21 And the hand-χεὶρ (cheir)-hand, (figuratively (power)) of the Lord was with them: and a great-πολύς (polus)-many, numerous, great) number-ἀριθμὸς (arithmos)-a number, (i.e. an indefinite number, equivalent to a multitude)) believed-πιστεύσας (pisteusas)-to adhere to, trust, rely on), and turned-ἐπέστρεψεν (ephestrpsen)-to turn over, upon, unto, (to turn, to turn oneself)) unto the Lord.”
Note: The estimated date for Acts 11:20-21 is said to be between 41-43 AD.
Note: Please be mindful that Antioch was heavily influenced by the word of God. It should come to no surprise as to why the majority of the surviving manuscripts were found in the regions north of Jerusalem, hence the name the "Majority Text"; unlike the "Minority text" line, which came from Alexandria, Egypt. The irony of the Alexandrian-text type manuscripts is in that they have been labeled as "oldest & best".
4.
Paul and Barnabas
taught the Gospel in Antioch for a whole year
and were first called Christians.
Acts 11:26
25 “Then departed Barnabas-Βαρνάβας (Barnabas)-son of consolation, (A Levite, Paul's companion in several of his Journeys; otherwise called Joses) to Tarsus, for to seek Saul-Σαῦλον (Saulon)-the original name of PAUL, a native of Tarssus in Cicilia, first a persecutor, and afterwards an apostle of Jesus Christ).
26 And when he had found him, he brought him unto Antioch-Ἀντιόχειαν (Antiocheian)-Capital of Syria situated on the river Orontes). And it came to pass, that a whole-ὅλον (holon)-"whole" or "all", (i.e. complete)) year-ἐνιαυτὸν (eniauton)-year, repetition, revolution) they assembled themselves-συναχθῆναι (sunachthenai)-to gather together, to gather, come together, meet) with the Church-ἐκκλησίᾳ (Ekklesia)-assembly, that which is called out, (i.e. an assembly of Christians gathered for worship), and taught-διδάξαι (didaxai)-to teach) much-ἱκανόν (ikanon)-sufficient) people, And the disciples-μαθητὰς (mathetas)-a learner, pupil, disciple) were called-χρηματίσαι (chrematisai)-to declare by an oracle, (i.e. (generally) bear as a title:—be called) Christians-Χριστιανούς (Christianous)-Christian, a follower of Christ) first-πρώτον (proton)-first in time or place, at the first) in Antioch.”
Note: The estimated date for Acts 11:26 is said to be between 43-44 AD.
Note: The Greek word: (G1577-ἐκκλησίᾳ-Church) is compounded by
two Greek words: (ἐκ-out, out of, out from) & (καλέω-to call) OR,
the "out called", that is to say, the Christian believer.
The word: (Church) should never be defined as a physical place of gathering (i.e. a building, temple etc.). Today we hear Christians say: "I go to the church located at...", this is wrong. The Church is every Christian believer.
Note: Again, Antioch becomes a stronghold for the Gospel to flourish. The Apostle Paul, whom is said to be the Apostle for the Gentiles, spends one whole year with Barnabas teaching much people. The Apostle Paul never went down to Egypt.
5.
The church (the Christian believers) at Antioch
sends relief to the poor saints at Jerusalem.
Acts 11:27-30
27 “And in these days, came Prophets-προφῆται (prophetai)-A prophet, public expounder, (a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker) from Jerusalem unto-εἰς (eis)-into, to) Antioch.
28 And there stood up one of them, named Agabus, and signified-ἐσήμανεν (esemanen)-to signify, to indicate) by-διὰ (dia)-through, by means of) the spirit, that there should be great dearth-λιμὸν (limon)-hunger, want, (a scarcity of food) throughout all-ὅλην (holen)-a primary word; "whole" or "all", i.e. complete) the world-οἰκουμένην (oikoumenen)-habitable earth, or land): which came to pass in the days of Claudius Caesar.
29 Then the disciples-μαθητῶν (matheton)-taught or trained one, a learner, (i.e. pupil:—disciple), every man according to-καθὼς (kathos)-according as, (i.e. in proportion as, in the degree that) his ability-ηὐπορεῖτό (euporeito)-to go on well, to be well off, have means), determined to send relief-διακονίαν (diakonian)-thorough service, ministration) unto the brethren-ἀδελφοῖς (adelphois)-brethren, a brother (literally or figuratively); i.e. a fellow believer) which dwelt in Judaea.
30 Which also they did, and sent it to the Elders-πρεσβυτέρους (Presbuterous)-elder, aged person, (universally, advanced in life, an elder, a senior)) by the hands of Barnabas and Saul.”
Note: The estimated date for Acts 11:26 is said to be between 43-44 AD.
6.
Missionary work
is sent out from Antioch.
Acts 13:1-3
1 “Now there were in the Church-ἐκκλησίαν (Ekklesian)-assembly, that which is called out, (i.e. an assembly of Christians gathered for worship) that was at Antioch, certain Prophets and teachers-διδάσκαλοι (didaskaloi)-a teacher, instructor): as Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Niger, and Lucius of Cyrene, and Manaen, which had been brought up with Herod the Tetrarch, and Saul.
2 As they ministered-λειτουργούντων (leitourgounton)-to work publicly, (universally, to minister, to do service)) to the Lord, and fasted-νηστευόντων (nesteunton)-to fast, (i.e. to abstain from food (religiously)), the holy Ghost said, Separate me Barnabas and Saul, for the work-ἔργον (ergon)-work, deed, labour, business (by implication, an act)) whereunto I have called them.
3 And when they had fasted and prayed, and laid their hands on them, they sent them away.”
Note: The estimated date for Acts 13:1-3 is said to be between 46-47 AD.
Note: Acts chapter 13 marks the first missionary work for the Apostles Paul & Barnabas. Below is a map with the routes taken. As you can see, their missionary journey was to the West and North of Antioch. This regions are among other locations where the 'Majority of Greek text manuscripts' are said to be found.
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7.
Antioch remains the home base or headquarters
of the early church.
Acts 14:21-28
21 “And when they had preached the Gospel to that city, and had taught-μαθητεύσαντες (matheteusantes)-to be or make a disciple, teach, instruct) many-ἱκανοὺς (hikanous)-sufficient, much), they returned again to Lystra-Λύστραν (Lustran)-"ransoming", a city in the eastern part of the great plain of Lycaonia), and to Iconium-Ἰκόνιον (Ikonion)-"little image", a famous city of Asia Minor, which was the capital of Lycaonia), and Antioch,
22 Confirming-ἐπιστηρίζοντες (episterizontes)-to establish besides, strengthen more, to render more firm, confirm) the souls-ψυχὰς (Psuchas)-a living soul (heart, mind, life) of the disciples, and exhorting them to continue-ἐμμένειν (emmenein)-to remain in) in the-τῇ (te)-to the) faith-πίστει (pistei)-faith, steadfastness, faithfulness), and that we must through much tribulation-θλίψεων (thlipseon)-a pressing, pressing together, pressure, (metaph. oppression, affliction, anguish, distress, persecution) enter-εἰσελθεῖν (eiselthein)-to come or go into) into the kingdom of God.
23 And when they had ordained-χειροτονήσαντες (cheirotonesantes)-to elect by stretching out the hand, ( to be a hand-reacher or voter (by raising the hand), i.e. (generally) to select or appoint:—choose, ordain) them Elders in every Church-ἐκκλησίᾳ (Ekklesia)-assembly, that which is called out, (i.e. an assembly of Christians gathered for worship), and had prayed with fasting, they commended them to the Lord, on whom they believed.
24 And after they had passed throughout Pisidia-Πισιδίαν (Pisidian)-"pitchy", A province forming part of the great table land in Asia Minor, having Pamphylia on the S. , Phrygia on the N.; its chief city was Antioch, a Roman colony), they came to Pamphylia-Παμφυλίαν (Pamphulian)-"of every tribe", A province in the S. of Asia Minor, having Cicilia on the E., Pisidia on the N., Lycia on the W., and the Mediterranean on the S. Perga is the only one of its cities named in the New Testament).
25 And when they had preached-λαλήσαντες (lalesantes)-to talk, discourse, (i.e. utter words) the word-λόγον (logon)-a word, speech, matter, reason, (specifically, the doctrine concerning the attainment through Christ of salvation in the kingdom of God) in Perga-Πέργῃ (Perge)-"earthy", The capital of Pamphylia, situated on the river Cestrus; it had a famous temple of Diana or Artemis), they went down into Attalia-Ἀττάλειαν (Attaleian)-"Jah's due season", a maritime city of Pamphylia in Asia, very near the borders of Lycia, built and named by Attalus Philadelphus, king of Pergamos, now called Antali),
26 And thence sailed-ἀπέπλευσαν (apepleusan)-to sail off or away, (to set sail:—sail away) to Antioch, from whence they had been recommended to the grace of God, for the work which they fulfilled-ἐπλήρωσαν (eplerosan)-to fill, make full, (i.e. to accomplish, carry out).
27 And when they were come, and had gathered the Church together, they rehearsed all that God had done with them, and how he had opened the door of faith unto the Gentiles.
28 And there-ἐκεῖ (ekei)-there, thither) they abode-διέτριβον (dietribon)-to rub away, spend, (to wear through (time), i.e. remain:—abide, be, continue, tarry) long-οὐκ ὀλίγον (ouk oligon)-not a little, (i.e. no little time) time-χρόνον (chronon)-time, (a space of time) with the disciples.”
Note: The estimated date for Acts 14:21-28 is said to be between 48-49 AD.
Note: The cities mentioned above were visited by the Apostles Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary journey.
8.
Antioch and Jerusalem work together to resolve conflicts.
Acts 15:1-3 & Acts 15:35
1 “And certain men which came down-κατελθόντες (katelthones)-to come down, go down) from-ἀπὸ (apo)-from, away from, (a primary particle; "off," i.e. away (from) Judaea-Ἰουδαίας (Ioudaias)-Another name or form of the name of the land of Judah, (in the O. T. a region of Palestine, named after the tribe of Judah), taught-ἐδίδασκον (edidaskon)-to teach) the brethren, and said, Except-Ἐὰν μὴ (Ean me)-if not, unless, except) ye be circumcised-περιτέμνησθε (peritemnesthe)-to circumcise, (to cut around, i.e. (specially) to circumcise:—circumcise) after the manner-ἔθει (ethei)-custom, habit, manner, (a usage (prescribed by habit or law)) of Moses, ye cannot-οὐ δύνασθε (ou dunasthe)-no, not, (the absolute negative) to be able or possible) be saved-σωθῆναι (sothenai)-to make or keep sound or safe).
2 When therefore Paul and Barnabas had-γενομένης (genomenes)-to become, begin to be, (i.e. to come into existence, begin to be) no small dissension-στάσεως (staseos)-a standing up, (i.e. strife, conflict)) and-καὶ (kai)-and, also, even) disputation-συζητήσεως (suzeteseos)-joint seeking, (mutual questioning, i.e. discussion:—disputation(-ting), reasoning) with-πρὸς (pros)-toward) them, they determined-ἔταξαν (etaxan)-to arrange, (to arrange in an orderly manner, i.e. assign or dispose, (i.e. to appoint, ordain) that Paul and Barnabas, and certain other of them, should go up-ἀναβαίνειν (anabainein)-to go up, (move to a higher place, ascend) to-εἰς (eis)-into, to) Jerusalem unto-πρὸς (pros)-toward) the Apostles-ἀποστόλους (apostolous)-one sent forth, (a delegate, messenger)) and Elders-πρεσβυτέρους (presbuterous)-elder, aged person, (universally, advanced in life, an elder, a senior, ); among Christians, those who presided over the assemblies (or churches)) about-περὶ (peri)-around, about, ((as) concerning), (as) touching) this question-ζητήματος (zetematos)-question, enquiry, (a search (properly concretely), i.e. (in words) a debate:—question).
3 And being brought on their way-προπεμφθέντες (propemphthentes)-to send forward, (i.e. escort or aid in travel:—accompany, bring (forward) on journey (way)) by-ὑπὸ (hupo)-by) the Church-ἐκκλησίας (ekklesias)-assembly, that which is called out, (i.e. an assembly of Christians gathered for worship)), they passed through-διήρχοντο (dierchonto)-to go through, pass through, (travel through a region) Phenice-Φοινίκην (phoiniken)-"land of palm trees", (a territory of the province of Syria, situated on the coast of the Mediterranean between the river Eleutherus and the promontory of Carmel, some 30 miles (50 km) long and 3 (5 km) broad) and-καὶ (kai)-and, also) Samaria-Σαμάρειαν (Samareian)-"guardianship", (a territory in Palestine, which had Samaria as its capital), declaring-ἐκδιηγούμενοι (ekdiegoumenoi)-to lead throughout, (properly, to narrate in full or wholly; universally, to relate, tell, declare) the conversion-ἐπιστροφὴν (epistrophen)-a turning upon, (reversion, i.e. morally, revolution:—conversion) of the Gentiles-ἐθνῶν (ethon)-nation, people (group), (a race (as of the same habit), i.e. a tribe; a foreign (non-Jewish) one)): and they caused great joy-χαρὰν (charan)-joy, gladness) unto all the brethren.”
35 “Paul also and Barnabas continued in Antioch, teaching and preaching the word of the Lord, with many others also.”
Note: The estimated date for Acts 15:1-3 is said to be around 48 AD.
9.
Below is a map that shows all three (3) missionary journeys of the Apostle Paul. As you can imagine, he saw many cities, and preached the word of God to many nations. These are the regions where the Majority of the Greek manuscripts have been found (+5,000). And as you can see, the Apostle Paul had no business in Alexandria, Egypt.
Missionary Journey Timeline.
Paul's 1st Missionary Journey.
Estimated date: 47-48 AD (Acts 13:4 to 15:35)
Paul's 2nd Missionary Journey.
Estimated date: 49-52 AD (Acts 15:36 to 18:22)
Paul's 3rd Missionary Journey.
Estimated date: 53-57 AD (Acts 18:23 to 21:17)
In light of the above,
Why would anyone believe the Alexandrian Text-type manuscripts
to be reliable, when the stronghold of Christian churches were
North and West of Jerusalem.
You can rest assured, that faithful brethren
did copy and preserve
"The Word of the Living God".
Other names for the Majority Text-type:
Byzantine Text (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text).
OLD TESTAMENT
The Hebrew Text
vs
The Septuagint: LXX (Alexandria, Egypt)
1.
The Hebrews (the tribe of Levy) were entrusted
with the Word of God.
Romans 3:1-2
1 “What advantage then hath-περισσὸν (perisson)-over and above, superfluity, (as a substantive; pre-eminence, advantage)) the Jew-Ἰουδαίου (Ioudaiou)-Jew, (belonging to the Jewish race)? or what profit-ὠφέλεια (opheleia)-profit, (usefulness, i.e. benefit:—advantage, profit) is there of-τῆς (tes)-of the) Circumcision-περιτομῆς (peritomes)-a cutting around, circumcision, (the state of circumcision, the being circumcised; is a term used of the Jews)?
2 Much-πολὺ (polu)-much, many) every way: chiefly-πρῶτον (proton)-first, foremost), because that unto them were committed-ἐπιστεύθησαν (episteuthestan)-to trust, confide, (to entrust a thing to one, to trust, confide)) the Oracles-λόγια (logia)-oracle, (the words or utterances of God) of God.”
Note: ""This is a reply to the question of an objector who might have said, "Well, if both Jews and Gentiles stand on exactly the same grounds of judgment, and if God is no respecter of persons, what was the use of the whole Mosaic system? Why be a Jew, or be circumcised? What was the advantage of it? Answer: The great advantage was in their being custodians of the Sacred Scriptures. Many other advantages accrued to the Jewish nation as a result of their possession of God’s oracles; but rather than outlining a list of such blessings, Paul went to the source of them all and named their custodial possession of the holy revelation through the patriarchs and prophets of the Old Testament as their greatest advantage, since that was the fountain source from which all others derived."-(Coffman Commentaries) SL
2.
The five books of Moses,
which are called the law, were placed in the hands of the priests, the sons of Levi; who were the teachers of the law.
Deuteronomy 31:9
9 “And Moses-מֹשֶׁה (mō-šeh;)-"drawing out" (of the water), i.e. rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver:—Moses)) wrote-וַיִּכְתֹּב (hat-tō-w-rāh)-to write, inscribe) this Law-הַתּוֹרָה (way-yiḵ-tōḇ)-law, direction, instruction), and delivered it-וַֽיִּתְּנָהּ (way-yit-tə-nāh,)-to give) unto the Priests-הַכֹּהֲנִים (hak-kō-hă-nîm)-priest, minister, (literally: one officiating, a priest; i.e. Levitical priests) the sons of Levi-לֵוִי (lê-wî,)-"joined to", (the 3rd son of Jacob by Leah and progenitor of the tribes of Levites), which bare-הַנֹּשְׂאִים (han-nō-śə-’îm,)-a primitive root; to lift, carry) the Ark of-אֲרוֹן (’ă-rō-wn)-an ark, chest, coffin) the Covenant of-בְּרִית (bə-rîṯ)-covenant) the LORD, and unto all the Elders of-זִקְנֵי (ziq-nê)-old aged, beared, (old:—aged, ancient (man), elder(-est), old (man) Israel-יִשְׂרָאֵֽל (yiś-rā-’êl.)-"ruling with God", (the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob).”
Note: Note also in Deuteronomy 31:9 that Moses gave a copy of "this Law" to all of the elders of Israel, indicating as Phillips pointed out, that, "both clerical and lay leaders were entrusted with the care of the written law."[19]--(Coffman Commentaries) SL
Note: According to the story of the Septuagint (LXX), it was translated by seventy-two (72) Hebrew translators—six from each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel.
But according to the word of God, only the tribe of Levi were to interprete and teach the Law.
3.
Jesus Christ quoted from the Hebrew Scriptures,
and not from the Greek Septuagint (LXX), because 'jots & tittles'
are only found in the Hebrew text; a jot is the tenth letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
Matthew 5:18
18 “For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot-ἰῶτα (iota)-the Hebrew letter (י), the smallest of them all) or one tittle-κεραία (keraia)-a horn (ornamental curl of Heb. letters), shall in no wise pass from the law-νόμου (nomou)-a law, ordinance, (of the mosaic law), till all be fulfilled.”
Note: Some have attributed the word: (jot-ἰῶτα) to also be a reference to the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. Remember, this “yod” (י) is said to be ("from the law"); OR, from the Hebrew Scriptures. This shows: a.) in what language the law was written. b.) the Hebrew text was still being used at the time of Jesus, and not: the LXX Septuagint.
Note: The words: ("For verily I say unto you") are said by Jesus Christ.
Cross-Reference:
Luke 16:17
17 “And it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle-κεραία (keraia)-a horn (ornamental curl of Heb. letters) of the law-νόμου (nomou)-a law, ordinance, (of the mosaic law) to fail."
4.
Jesus Christ only mentioned the scriptures in three (3) ways:
(1) "The Law of Moses, (2) The Prophets, and (3) The Psalms."
The Jews divide the scriptures into three parts: the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms. The Greek Septuagint (LXX) adds additional books called 'Apocrypha', which are interspersed throughout the Old Testament.
Luke 24:44
44 “And he said unto them, These are the words which I spake unto you, while I was yet with you, that all things-πάντα (panta)-all, every, the whole, (in an absolute sense, all things) must-δεῖ (dei)-it behoveth, (necessary (as binding):—behoved, be meet, must (needs), (be) need(-ful), ought)) be fulfilled-πληρωθῆναι (plerothenai)-to fill, make full, (i.e. to bring to pass, ratify, accomplish), which were written-γεγραμμένα (gegrammena)-to be written, (a primary verb; "to grave", especially to write)) in-ἐν (en)-in) the Law-νόμῳ (nomo)-a law, ordinance, (of the mosaic law) of Moses-Μωσέως (Moseos)-"drawing out" (of the water), i.e. rescued; Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver:—Moses)), and-καὶ (kai)-and, also) in the Prophets-προφήταις (prophetais)-A prophet, public expounder, (a foreteller ("prophet"); by analogy, an inspired speaker), and-καὶ (kai)-and, also) in the Psalms-ψαλμοῖς (psalmois)-a song of praise (on an instrument), (a set piece of music, i.e. a sacred ode (accompanied with the voice, harp or other instrument; a "psalm"); collectively, the book of the Psalms:—psalm)) concerning-περὶ (peri)-concerning, about, as to, in reference to) me.”
Note: The words: (concerning me) are a reference to Jesus.
Note: Words such as:
“as it is written” & “fulfilled”
confirm what (the Law, Prophets, and Psalms) have said concerning Jesus.
Note: click or copy the link below to search.
https://www.biblegateway.com/quicksearch/?quicksearch=fulfilled&resultspp=250&version=AKJV
Note: Below are just a few examples:
a.) Matthew 8:17
17 “That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the Prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare our sicknesses.”
Cross-Reference: Isaiah 53:4 (Prophets)
b.) Matthew 27:46
46 “And about the ninth hour, Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani, that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?”
Cross-Reference: Psalms 22:1 (Psalms)
c.) Acts 7:37
37 “This is that Moses, which said unto the children of Israel, A Prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, //like unto me (Or, as my self): him shall ye hear.”
Cross-Reference: Deuteronomy 18:18 (the Law)
Again,
Why would anyone consider the Greek Septuagint LXX as authoritative.
Jesus spoke and read out of the Hebrew Text.
LANGUAGE OF JESUS
Hebrew or Aramaic?
1.
The superscription.
Luke 23:38
38 “And a superscription-ἐπιγραφὴ (epigraphe)-what is written upon or above, (an inscription, title) also was written-γεγραμμένη (gegrammene)-to be written, (a primary verb; to "grave", especially to write) over-ἐπ (ep)-over) him in letters-γράμμασιν (grammasin)-a letter, anything written, (i.e. the character)) of Greek-Ἑλληνικοῖς (Ellenikois)-Greek, Grecian), and-καὶ (kai)-and, also, even) Latin-Ρωμαικοῖς (Romaikois)-Romaic, Romaisti, (the language of the Romans)), and-καὶ (kai)-and, also, even) Hebrew-Ἑβραικοῖς (Hebraikois)-Hebraic), THIS IS THE KING-ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ (BASILEUS)-A king) OF THE JEWES-ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ (IOUDAION)-Jews, (belonging to the Jewish race)).”
Note: Most certainly,
No one is really going to believe that Hebrew (Hebraic) is in actuality: Aramaic or Chaldee.
Note: Did you know, modern translations such as the (NIV, NLT, ESV, LSB, NASB) omit the phrase: (“in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew,”). This should come as no surprise, after all, these translation are a byproduct of the 'Minority' text-type manuscripts. Compare:
King James Version:
from the 'Majority' text-type
Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ γεγραμμένη[written] ἐπ’ αὐτῷ γράμμασιν[in letters] Ἑλληνικοῖς[of Greek] καὶ[and] Ρωμαϊκοῖς[Latin] καὶ[and] Ἑβραϊκοῖς[Hebrew], Οὗτός ἐστιν[is] ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων.
Beza Greek New Testament 1598
Ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ γεγραμμένη[written] ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ γράμμασιν[in letters] Ἑλληνικοῖς[of Greek] καὶ[and] Ρωμαϊκοῖς[Latin] καὶ[and] Ἑβραϊκοῖς[Hebrew], ΟΥΤΟΣ ΕΣΤΙΝ[IS] Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ.
Stephanus Textus Receptus 1550
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ γεγραμμένη[written] ἐπ' αὐτῷ γράμμασιν[in letters] Ἑλληνικοῖς[of Greek] καὶ[and] Ρωμαϊκοῖς[Latin] καὶ[and] Ἑβραϊκοῖς[Hebrew], οὗτος ἐστὶν[is] Ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
NIV, NLT, ESV, LSB, NASB & co.:
from the 'Minority' text-type
Nestle-Aland 28th Revised Edition NT
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ [] ἐπ᾽ αὐτῷ· [ ] ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος.
Westcott and Hort 1881
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ [] ἐπ' αὐτῷ [ ] Ο ΒΑΣΙΛΕΥΣ ΤΩΝ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΩΝ ΟΥΤΟΣ.
Tischendorf 8th Edition 1872
ἦν δὲ καὶ ἐπιγραφὴ [] ἐπ' αὐτῷ· [ ] ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων οὗτος.
New International Version (NIV):
There was a written notice above him, which read: this is the king of the jews.
New American Standard Bible (NASB):
Now there was also an inscription above Him, “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
Legacy Standard Bible (LSB):
Now there was also an inscription above Him: “THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
Cross-Reference to: Luke 23:38:
John 19:19-20
19 “And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF THE JEWS. 20 This title-τίτλον (titlon)-a title, (Lat. titulus); an inscription) then read-ἀνέγνωσαν (anegnosan)-to begin to know again, read, (of written characters ‘know again’, hence ‘recognize’ and so ‘read’)) many-πολλοὶ (polloi)-much, many) of the Jews-Ἰουδαίων (Ioudaion)-Jews, (belonging to the Jewish race)): for the place-τόπος (topos)-place, (i.e. location) where Jesus was crucified-ἐσταυρώθη (estaurothe)-to crucify), was nigh-ἐγγὺς (eggus)-nigh, near (of place and position) to the city-πόλεως (poleos)-a city (with walls)), and it was written-γεγραμμένον (gegrammenon)-to be written, (a primary verb; to "grave", especially to write)) in Hebrew-Ἑβραϊστί (Hebraisti)-Hebraistic), and-καὶ (kai)-and, also, even) Greek-Ἑλληνιστί (Hellenisti)-in Greek, (i.e. in the Greek language), and-καὶ (kai)-and, also, even) Latin-Ῥωμαϊστί (Romaisti)-Romaic, Romaisti, (the language of the Romans); in the Roman fashion or language).”
Note: Look, it reads: "many of the Jews read" the title. This means the common Jew could read and speak the Hebrew tongue.
Note: The same three (3) languages mentioned above (Hebrew, Greek, and Latin) are still in use today.
Bonus: Out of these three languages, Latin is the least used today; it is mainly used by the Vatican city, which is both a city and Country, or
city-state. Interesting, a once powerful and dominating Roman language is now dying away, while the Hebrew [old Testament], and Greek [New Testament] language remain strong.
Note: Did you know,
the 'New International Version' (NIV), & the 'English Standard Version' (ESV) mistranslate the Greek word:
(Ἑβραϊστί-(Hebraisti)-'Hebrew')) into: 'Aramaic'. This Greek word: (Ἑβραϊστί) is found in both, the Majority [Antiochian/Byzantine] &
Minority [Alexandrian] text manuscripts. Compare:
From: the Majority Text-type
Scrivener's Textus Receptus 1894 (John 19:20)
τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν τῆς πόλεως ὁ τόπος ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς· καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί[Hebrew], Ἑλληνιστί, Ῥωμαϊστί.
From: the Minority Text-type
Nestle-Aland 28th Revised Edition NT (John 19:20)
τοῦτον οὖν τὸν τίτλον πολλοὶ ἀνέγνωσαν τῶν Ἰουδαίων, ὅτι ἐγγὺς ἦν ὁ τόπος τῆς πόλεως ὅπου ἐσταυρώθη ὁ Ἰησοῦς· καὶ ἦν γεγραμμένον Ἑβραϊστί[Hebrew], Ῥωμαϊστί, Ἑλληνιστί.
New International Version (NIV):
Many of the Jews read this sign, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Aramaic, Latin and Greek.
English Standard Version (ESV):
Many of the Jews read this inscription, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Aramaic, in Latin, and in Greek.
2.
The Apostle Paul spoke in the Hebrew & Greek language.
Acts 21:37-38
37 “And as Paul-Παῦλος (Paulos)"small or little", (the Apostle Paul, whose Hebrew name was Saul) was to be led-εἰσάγεσθαι (eisagesthai)-to lead into) into the castle-παρεμβολὴν (parembolen)-an interlining, (a throwing in beside (juxtaposition); barracks of Roman soldiers), he said-λέγει (legei)-to say, to speak, (properly, to "lay" forth) unto the chief captain-χιλιάρχῳ (chiliarcho)-leader of a thousand, (the commander of a thousand soldiers), May I speak unto thee? Who-ὁ δὲ (ho de)-the yet) said-ἔφη (ephe)-to say, affirm, (to make known one's thoughts, to declare; to say), Canst thou speak-γινώσκεις (ginoskeis)-to know, take cognizance of, (understand, comprehend) Greek-Ἑλληνιστὶ (Ellenisti)-in Greek, (i. e. in the Greek language)? 38 Art not thou that Egyptian which before these days madest an uproar, and leddest out into the wilderness four thousand men that were murderers?”
Note: The Apostle Paul speaks to a Roman [chief captain] in the Greek language. Remember, Paul was a Roman citizen by birth, though he was a devout Jew; comp. with Philippians 3:5
“Circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, an Hebrew of the Hebrews, as touching the Law, a Pharisee:”
&
Acts 21:39-40
39 “But Paul-Παῦλος (paulos)-"small or little", (the Apostle Paul, whose Hebrew name was Saul) said, I am a man which am-εἰμι (eimi)-'to be', (the first person singular present indicative) a Jew-Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaios)-Jew, (Jewish; belonging to the Jewish race) of Tarsus, a city in Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city: and I beseech-δέομαι (deomai)-to be in want, (i.e. petition:—beseech, make request) thee suffer-ἐπίτρεψόν (epirepson)-to turn over on, commit to, (i.e. allow:—give leave (liberty, license), let, permit, suffer) me to speak unto the people-λαόν (laon)-people, (a people (in general). 40 And when he had given him licence-ἐπιτρέψαντος (epitrepsantos)-to turn over upon, permit, (i.e. allow:—give leave (liberty, license), let, permit, suffer), Paul stood-ἑστὼς (hestos)-to set, place, (to stand) on the stairs-ἀναβαθμῶν (anabathmon)-an ascent, going up, (a means of going up, a flight of steps), and beckoned-κατέσεισεν (kateseisen)-to wave downward, (to sway downward, i.e. make a signal:—beckon) with the hand unto the people: And when there was made-γενομένης (genomenes)-to become, (to cause to be) a great-πολλῆς (polles)-much, great) silence-σιγῆς (siges)-silence, (to hiss, i.e. hist or hush)), he spake unto them-προσεφώνησεν (prosephonesen)-to sound to, (to sound towards, i.e. address:—call unto, speak (un-)to) in the Hebrew-Ἑβραΐδι (Hebraidi)-Hebraistic) tongue-διαλέκτῳ (dialekto)-dialect), saying,”
Note: The phrase: (suffer me to speak unto the people) is a reference to a multitude of Jews; who wanted to kill the Apostle Paul. Comp. with v.36
Acts 21:36
“For the multitude of the people followed after, crying, Away with him.”
Note: Remember, at the time of this encounter, the Apostle Paul was at Jerusalem, comp. Acts 18: 21
“... I must by all means keep this feast that cometh in Jerusalem: ...”
Most commentators believe Paul was at Jerusalem for the feast of 'Passover', which would draw many Jews from different regions. What is more interesting is that these Jews understood Paul when he began to speak to them in the Hebrew tongue.
&
Acts 22:2
1 “Men, brethren, and fathers, hear ye my defence which I make now unto you. 2 (And when they heard-ἀκούσαντες (akousantes)-to give ear, hearken, hear, ) that he spake-προσεφώνει (prosephonei)-to sound to, (to sound towards, i.e. address:—call unto, speak (un-)to) in the Hebrew-Ἑβραΐδι (Hebraidi)-Hebraistic) tongue-διαλέκτῳ (dialekto)-dialect) to them, they kept-παρέσχον (pareschon)-to hold near, offer, (to show, exhibit) the more-μᾶλλον (mallon)-rather, more, (the more, so much the more) silence-ἡσυχίαν (hesuchian)-quietness, stillness): and he saith,)”
Note: The phrase: (when they heard) points back to the multitude of Jews at Jerusalem during the feast of 'Passover'.
Note: Translations such as the 'New International Version' redefine the Greek word: (Ἑβραΐδι-(Hebraidi)-Hebrew) to: Aramaic.
Acts 22:2 (NIV)
"When they heard him speak to them in Aramaic, they became very quiet. Then Paul said:"
Note: Aramaic, while not entirely a dead language, it had a strong influence up until 600-700 A.D. The Jews of Israel spoke and still speak in Hebrew.
Note: The pontiff-[High-Priest] of the Roman Catholic-[universal] Church asserts that Jesus spoke Aramaic. In an interview between the Prime minister of Israel: Benjamin Netanyahu, and Pope Francis,
the actual truth was spoken:
“Jesus was here, in this land. He spoke Hebrew,” Netanyahu said, discussing the strong connection between Judaism and Christianity.
Pope Francis looked up and slightly pointed his finger. “Aramaic,” he corrected.
Netanyahu quickly recovered: “He spoke Aramaic, but he knew Hebrew.”
Unfortunately, most religious scholars agree with Pope Francis that Jesus spoke Aramaic. But we will honor what the word of God says, and the scriptures do say Jesus spoke in the Hebrew-Ἑβραΐδι (Hebraidi)-Hebraistic) tongue-διαλέκτῳ (dialekto)-dialect).
3.
The Lord Jesus spoke to Paul in the Hebrew dialect.
Acts 26:13-15
13 “At midday, O king, I saw in the way a light from heaven, above the brightness of the Sun, shining round about me, and them which journeyed with me. 14 And when we were all fallen-καταπεσόντων (katapesonton)-to fall down) to the earth-γῆν (gen)-earth, ground, land, (contracted from a primary word; soil), I heard-ἤκουσα (ekousa)-to give ear, hearken, hear) a voice-φωνὴν (phonen)-a voice, sound, (i.e. the sound of uttered words)) speaking-λαλοῦσαν (lalousan)-to talk, speak, tell, (i.e. utter words)) unto-πρός (pros)-to, toward) me, and saying-λέγουσαν (legousan)-to lay out, say, speak) in the Hebrew-Ἑβραΐδι (Hebraidi)-Hebraistic) tongue-διαλέκτῳ (dialekto)-dialect), Saul-Σαοὺλ (Saoul)-Saul (i.e. Shaul), the Jewish name of Paul), Saul, why persecutest thou-διώκεις (diokeis)-to pursue, ( by implication, to persecute:—ensue, follow (after); in any way whatever to harass, trouble, molest one; to persecute) me? It is hard-σκληρόν (skleron)-dried up, stiff, (i.e. hard or tough) for thee to kick-λακτίζειν (laktizein)-to kick (with the heel); to recalcitrate:—kick) against-πρὸς (pros)-against, toward) the pricks-κέντρα (kentra)-a prick, goad). 15 And I said, Who art thou, Lord? And he said, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest.”
Note: "Christ used this tongue [(Hebrew)] both on earth and from heaven."
-(Wesley's Explanatory Notes)
Note: Again, translations such as the
'New International Version' & 'New Living Translation' do no justice to the Greek word: (Ἑβραΐδι-(Hebraidi)-Hebrew), and redefine it as: Aramaic.
Acts 22:14 (NIV)
We all fell to the ground, and I heard a voice saying to me in Aramaic, ‘Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me? It is hard for you to kick against the goads.’
Acts 22:14 (NLT)
We all fell down, and I heard a voice saying to me in Aramaic, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me? It is useless for you to fight against my will.’
Even more upsetting, is the fact that these two translation are a byproduct of the Minority text-type manuscripts which do support the Greek word:
(Ἑβραΐδι-(Hebraidi)-Hebrew). Compare:
NIV, NLT, CSB, NET Bible:
from the 'Minority' text-type
Nestle-Aland 28th Revised Edition NT
πάντων τε καταπεσόντων ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἤκουσα φωνὴν λέγουσαν πρός με τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ· Σαοὺλ Σαούλ, τί με διώκεις; σκληρόν σοι πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν.
Westcott and Hort 1881
πάντων τε καταπεσόντων ἡμῶν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἤκουσα φωνὴν λέγουσαν πρός με τῇ Ἑβραΐδι διαλέκτῳ Σαούλ Σαούλ, τί με διώκεις; σκληρόν σοι πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν.
Bonus: The name: (Saul-Σαοὺλ (Saoul)) is of Hebrew origin. This name is found 406 times in the Old Testament, Beginning with Genesis 36:37, all the way to Isaiah 10:29. It is the Strong's Number: (H7586-שָׁאוּל Shâʼûwl). Remember, the Lord change his name from: [Saul]-Hebrew to: [Paul]-Greek. What should be interesting is that although he was born under Roman rule, he was given a Hebrew name, and he was raised under Hebrew traditions and heritage. What's more impressive is that Paul could trace back his lineage.
comp. with Philippians 3:5
[Amplified]
5“Circumcised the eighth day[as so does require the Law], of the stock of Israel[Descended from the patriarch Israel [i.e. Jacob], of the tribe of Benjamin[Of which tribe was the first king of Israel, whose name was Saul], an Hebrew of the Hebrews[both his parents were Hebrews], as touching the Law, a Pharisee[was a Pharisee, and the son of a Pharisee]:”
Note: This should bring comfort to know, that just because a nation is ruled or governed by another nation does not mean the culture, language, customs, or traditions of the people eradicate. This can be said of the Jews who were taken captive by the Babylonians for (70 years), or while under Roman rule. A Jew may adopt a second language, as was the case of the Apostle Paul who was bilingual, yet, he was a Jew foremost. The fact that Paul knew of what tribe he belonged, shows that Jews kept records even up until the days of Jesus. Do not forget that Jews were to marry from within (an Hebrew of the Hebrews), why so? to avoid adopting pegan (-religions, -customs), and to preserve Jewish (-culture, -language, -traditions, -religion, -lineage).
Often time Deuteronomy 7:3 is quoted.
3 “Neither shalt thou make marriages with them: thy daughter thou shalt not give unto his son, nor his daughter shalt thou take unto thy son.”
Verse six (6) gives an explanation as to why:
(“For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself, ...”)
If then, the Jews could openly intermarry, then how could they be a people unto the LORD anymore, seeing that their lineage would gradually fade away. The phrase: "of the tribe of" would then become a question mark.
Note: Consider the 'Book of Jeremiah' Chapter 29.
Jeremiah 29:1
1 “Now these are the words of the letter-הַסֵּפֶר (has-sê-p̄er,)-account, (properly, writing (the art or a document)), that Jeremiah the prophet sent from Jerusalem unto the residue-יֶתֶר (ye-ṯer)-what is over and above, (properly, an overhanging, i.e. (by implication) an excess, superiority, remainder, rest) of the elders-זִקְנֵי (ziq-nê)-old, aged, bearded) which were carried away captives-הַגּוֹלָה (hag-gō-w-lāh,)-to go into exile, (concretely and collectively exiles:—(carried away), captive(-ity), removing)), and to the priests-הַכֹּהֲנִים (hak-kō-hă-nîm)-priest, minister, (literally one officiating), and to the prophets-הַנְּבִיאִים (han-nə-ḇî-’îm)-a prophet), and to all the people-הָעָם (hā-‘ām,)-a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel)) whom Nebuchadnezzar-נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר (nə-ḇū-ḵaḏ-neṣ-ṣar)-son of Nabopolassar, and king of Babylon who invaded Judah) had carried away captive-הֶגְלָה (heḡ-lāh)-to uncover, remove, (a primitive root; to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense); by implication, to exile (captives being usually stripped)) from Jerusalem to Babylon-בָּבֶֽלָה (bā-ḇe-lāh.)-confusion, gate of Bel, (Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire),”
&
Jeremiah 29:6
6 “Take ye-קְחוּ (qə-ḥū)-to take, receive) wives-נָשִׁים (nā-šîm,)-woman, female, wife), and beget-וְהוֹלִידוּ (wə-hō-w-lî-ḏū)-to cause to yield or bring forth, (a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget) sons and daughters, and take wives for your sons, and give-תְּנוּ (tə-nū)-to give) your daughters-בְּנֽוֹתֵיכֶם (bə-nō-w-ṯê-ḵem)-daughters, descendants) to husbands-לַֽאֲנָשִׁים (la-’ă-nā-šîm,)-a man), that they may bear-וְתֵלַדְנָה (wə-ṯê-laḏ-nāh)-to bear, yield, bring forth, beget) sons and daughters, that ye may be increased-וּרְבוּ־ (ū-rə-ḇū-)-to be many, multiplied, (a primitive root; to increase)) there-שָׁם (šām)-there, thither), and not diminished-תִּמְעָֽטוּ (tim-‘ā-ṭū.)-to be or become few or little, (a primitive root; properly, to pare off, i.e. lessen).”
Note: Commentary: Take ye wives, and beget sons and daughters,.... That is, such as had no wives, who were either bachelors or widowers; not that they were to take wives of the Chaldeans, but of those of their own nation; for intermarriages with Heathens were forbidden them; and this they were to do, in order to propagate their posterity, and keep up a succession: -(Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible)
Note: Even in the 'Book of Nehemiah' we can read about the consequences of intermarriage between Jews and Philistines.
Nehemiah 13:23-27.
23 “In those days also saw I Jews-הַיְּהוּדִים (hay-yə-hū-ḏîm)-a Jew, (a descendant of Judah) that //had married-הֹשִׁיבוּ (hō-šî-ḇū,)-to cause to sit down or still, (a primitive root; properly, to sit down); by implication, to dwell, to remain) wives-נָשִׁים (nā-šîm)-woman, female) (Hebr. had made to dwell with them) of Ashdod-אשדודיות (’aš-dō-w-ḏî-yō-wṯ)-"fortress", "castle", (one of the five chief cities of the Philistines), of Ammon-עמוניות (‘am-mō-w-nî-yō-wṯ)-"a fellow-countryman", (an Ammonite or (the adjective) Ammonitish:—Ammonite(-s)), and of Moab-מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת (mō-w-’ă-ḇî-yō-wṯ.)-"water of a father", (a Moabite or Moabitess, i.e. a descendant from Moab): 24 And their children-וּבְנֵיהֶם (ū-ḇə-nê-hem,)-son (produce); child) spake-מְדַבֵּר (mə-ḏab-bêr)-to speak) half-חֲצִי (ḥă-ṣî)-half, middle, (midst, part, two parts) in the speech of Ashdod-אַשְׁדּוֹדִית (aš-dō-w-ḏîṯ,)-"fortress", "castle", (in the language of Ashdod, i.e. of Philistines), and //could-מַכִּירִים (mak-kî-rîm)-to be able, ( a primitive root; properly, to scrutinize, i.e. look intently at; hence (with recognition implied), to acknowledge, be acquainted with) not-וְאֵינָם (wə-’ê-nām)-nothing, not, nought) speak (Hebr. they discerned not to speak) in the Jews' language-יְהוּדִית (yə-hū-ḏîṯ;)-Jewish, (used adverbially) language:—in the Jews' language), but according to the language //of each people (Hebr. of people and people).”
Note: Now, in regards to the captivity of the Jews by King Nebuchadnezzar, it is very unlikely that in the lapse of just seventy (70) years of exile, the Jews replaced their native Hebrew language for Aramaic, specially when the Prophet Jeremiah had sent out letters to the exiles (the Elders, Priest, and captives) to preserve their Jewish identity while in Babylon (specially since they were but a remnant). Now, is it possible that some Jews adopted a second language [Aramaic]? sure, but to insinuate that somehow the Hebrew dialect was supplanted by Aramaic, is an exaggeration. The same argument can be made for the Hebrews under Roman rule, no one seems to argue in favor that the Jews spoke Latin as a prefer or supplanted language, despite some having been born under the rulership of this empire, as was the case of Saul[Apostle Paul].
Brothers, I invite you to examine the scriptures, and I think you will agree with me when I tell you that the Jews have always preserved their Hebrew language.
4.
Jesus read out of the Hebrew scriptures,
and not from the Greek Septuagint (LXX).
Luke 4:16-20
16 “And he came to Nazareth-Ναζαρέτ (Nazareth)-"the guarded one", (A city in Zebulun, in lower Galilee, seventy miles N. of Jerusalem), where he had been brought up-τεθραμμένος (tethrammenos)-to bring up, nurture, (properly, to stiffen, i.e. fatten (by implication, to cherish (with food, etc.); grow up), and, as his custom-κατὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς αὐτῷ (kata to eiothos auto)-according to his custom, (be in the habit of) was, he went into the Synagogue-συναγωγήν (sunagogen)-place where people are led together, (an assemblage of persons; specially, a Jewish "synagogue" (the meeting or the place)) on-ἐν (en)-in) the sabbath-σαββάτων (sabbaton)-sabbath, (the seventh day of each week, which was a sacred festival on which the Israelites were required to abstain from all work) day, and stood up for to read-ἀναγνῶναι (anagnonai)-to begin to know again, read).
17 And there was delivered-ἐπεδόθη (epedothe)-to give over, or upon, (to give over (by hand or surrender):—deliver unto) unto him the book-βιβλίον (Biblion)-a , a scroll, roll) of the Prophet Esaias, and when he had opened the Book-βιβλίον (Biblion)-scroll, (scroll, roll constituting a book)), he found-εὗρεν (heuren)-to find (by chance), to fall in with (without previous search) the place-τόπον (topon)-place, (a primary word; a spot); a place (passage) in a book) where it was written,
18 The Spirit-Πνεῦμα (Pneuma)-spirit, (i.e. of God) of the Lord-κυρίου (kuriou)-Lord, (i.e. of God)) is upon me, because he hath anointed-ἔχρισέν (echrisen)-to rub, (through the idea of contact; to smear or rub with oil, i.e. (by implication) to consecrate to an office or religious service:—anoint.) me, to preach the Gospel-εὐαγγελίζεσθαι (euaggelizesthai)-to tell good news, (to announce good news ("evangelize") especially the gospel:—declare, bring (declare, show) glad (good) tidings) to the poor-πτωχοῖς (ptochois)-trembling, poor, (in a broader sense, destitute of wealth, influence, position, honors; lowly, afflicted), he hath sent-ἀπέσταλκέν (apestalken)-to send away, forth, (set apart, i.e. (by implication) to send out (properly, on a mission)) me to heal-ἰὰσασθαι (iasasthai)-to heal, cure) the brokenhearted-συντετριμμένους τὴν καρδίαν (suntetrimmenous ten kardian)-rubbed together as to the heart, (to crush completely, i.e. to shatter), to preach-κηρύξαι (keruxai)-to cry or proclaim as a herald, (to herald (as a public crier)) deliverance-ἄφεσιν (aphesin)-a sending away, (release, as from bondage, imprisonment) to the captives-αἰχμαλώτοις (aichmalotois)-one taken by the spaer, (properly, taken by the spear)), and recovering of sight-ἀνάβλεψιν (anablepsin)-a seeing again, looking up, (restoration of sight:—recovery of sight) to the blind-τυφλοῖς (tuphlois)-blind, (to raise a smoke; hence, properly, 'darkened by smoke'); i.e. (by analogy) blind (physically or mentally)), to set at liberty-ἀφέσει (aphesei)-a sending away, remission) them that are bruised-τεθραυσμένους (tethrausmenous)-to break, break in pieces, (shatter, smite through),
19 To preach the acceptable-δεκτόν (dekton)-acceptable, receivable) year of the Lord.
20 And he closed-πτύξας (ptuxas)-to fold up (a roll); to fold together, roll up, (to fold, i.e. furl a scroll) the book-βιβλίον (biblion)-roll, scroll), and he gave it again to the minister, and sat down: And the eyes of all them that were in the Synagogue were fastened on him.
21 And he began to say unto them, This day is this Scripture fulfilled in your ears.”
Note: I know there is some disagreement with verse 18, as some like to affirm that Jesus quoted from the LXX, perhaps this article can shed some light:
Does the New Testament quote from the Greek Septuagint? - KJV Today
OR,
Compare:
Luke 4:18 (KJV)
18 “The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the Gospel to the poor, he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised,”
Isaiah 61:1 (KJV)
1 “The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, because the LORD hath anointed me, to preach good tidings unto the meek, he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to them that are bound:”
Isaiah 42:3, 7 (KJV)
3 “A bruised reed shall he not break, and the smoking flax shall he not quench: he shall bring forth judgment unto truth.”
7 “To open the blind eyes, to bring out the prisoners from the prison, and them that sit in darkness out of the prison house.”
rolls/scrolls
Note: The Hebrews used rolls/scrolls:
(And he closed-πτύξας (ptuxas)-to fold up (a roll); to fold together, roll up, (to fold, i.e. furl a scroll) the book-βιβλίον (biblion)-roll, scroll)).
Compare with:
a.) Jeremiah 36:2
1 “And it came to pass in the fourth year of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah king of Judah, that this word came unto Jeremiah from the LORD, saying; 2 Take thee a roll of-מְגִלַּת־ (mə-ḡil-laṯ-)-a roll, volume, ((written scroll); roll of writing) a book-סֵפֶר (sê-p̄er)-book, writing), and write therein all the words that I have spoken unto thee against Israel, and against Judah, and against all the nations, from the day I spake unto thee, from the days of Josiah, even unto this day.” see also: Jeremiah 36: 4,6,14,20,21,23,25,27,28,29,32
Note: Hebrew Interlinear:
קַח־["take-you!"] לְךָ["for-you"] מְגִלַּת־["roll-of"] סֵפֶר["scroll"] וְכָתַבְתָּ["and-you-write"]
b.) Ezekiel 2:9
9 “And when I looked, behold, an hand was sent unto me, and lo, a roll of-מְגִלַּת־ (mə-ḡil-laṯ-)-a roll, volume, ((written scroll); roll of writing) a book-סֵפֶר (sê-p̄er)-book, writing) was therein. 10 And he spread-וַיִּפְרֹשׂ (way-yip̄-rōś)-to spread out, forth, abroad, (spread (abroad, forth, out), stretch (forth, out)) it before me, and it was written within and without, and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.”
Note: A roll of a book - The book was one of the ancient kind written on skins rolled up together. Hence, our English 'volume' Psalm 40:7. The writing was usually on one side, but in this case it was written within and without, on both sides, the writing as it were running over, to express the abundance of the calamities in store for the devoted people.-(Barnes' Notes on the Bible)
Note: Hebrew Interlinear:
וְהִנֵּה־ ["and-behold!"-and lo,] בוֹ["in-him"-therein] מְגִלַּת־["roll-of"-a roll of] סֵפֶר["scroll"-a book]
c.) Psalms 40:7
6 “Sacrifice and offering thou didst not desire, mine ears hast thou opened: burnt offering and sin offering hast thou not required. 7 Then said I, Lo, I come: in the volume of-בִּמְגִלַּת־ (bim-ḡil-laṯ-)-a roll, volume, ((written scroll); roll of writing)) the book-סֵפֶר (sê-p̄er)-book, writing) it is written of me: 8 I delight to do thy will, O my God: yea, thy law is within my heart.”
Note: The Jews of today still use scrolls for the Hebrew Scriptures.
Note: Again,
Luke 4:20 reads: (And he [Jesus] closed-πτύξας (ptuxas)-to fold up (a roll); to fold together, roll up, (to fold, i.e. furl a scroll) the book-βιβλίον (biblion)-roll, scroll)). Our Lord Jesus did not read from the Greek Septuagint (LXX).
5.
Words in the Hebrew tongue #1.
John 5:2
1 “After this there was a feast of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. 2 Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep-προβατικῇ (probatike)-of or belonging to sheep, relating to sheep, i.e. (a gate) through which they were led into Jerusalem:—sheep (market)) //market (Or, gate), a pool-κολυμβήθρα (kolumbethra)-pool, bath, (a diving-place, i.e. pond for bathing (or swimming):—pool), which is called-ἐπιλεγομένη (epilegomene)-to be called or named) in the Hebrew tongue-Ἑβραϊστὶ (Hebraisti)-Hebraistic, (in (the) Hebrew (-tongue, -language)) Bethesda-Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)-"house of mercy", (a pool in Jerusalem), having five porches-στοὰς (stoas)-a standing place, portico).”
Note: The Greek word: (Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)) is a 'phonetic spelling' [or] 'phonetic translation' of the Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)).
Note: This is how John 5:2 reads in the 'Modern Hebrew New Testament':
בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם, עַל־יַד שַׁעַר הַצֹּאן הָיְתָה בְּרֵכָה, שֶׁנִּקְרְאָה בֵּית חַסְדָּא, וּסְבִיבָהּ חָמֵשׁ אַכְסַדְרָאוֹת בַּעֲלוֹת עַמּוּדִים.
Note: Remember, the Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)) means: "house of mercy". The Greek word: (Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)) is just a 'phonetic spelling' of the Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)). Not that the Greek word: (Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)) means: "house of mercy", for it is only a 'phonetic spelling' of the Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)), which means: "house of mercy". The definition of the Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)) was simply transferred to the Greek word: (Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)).
OR,
The pool at Jerusalem, which is called in the Hebrew tongue:
(בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)), was translated into Greek using 'phonetic spelling'. OR,
The Hebrew word: בֵּית חַסְדָּא sounds like this: (bēṯ ḥasdā), and when translated into Greek: Βηθεσδά (Bethesda). OR, The Apostle John who wrote 'The Book of John', for him to write the Greek word: (Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)), had to phonetically spell out the Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא), which sounded like this: (bēṯ ḥasdā). This also confirms that the Apostle John was bilingual.
Bonus: The Hebrew word: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא) means: "house of"-(bēṯ). This same Hebrew word: (H1004-בֵּית) can be found 704 times throughout the old Testament, beginning with Genesis 12:15, all the way to Malachi 3:10. Is anyone really going to believe that the Greek word: (Βηθεσδά (Bethesda)) was translated from an Aramaic word, and not from the actual Hebrew language: (בֵּית חַסְדָּא (bēṯ ḥasdā)).
Note: What is important here, is to acknowledge that the Hebrew language was in common use at the time of Jesus.
6.
Words in the Hebrew tongue #2.
John 19:12-13
12 “And from thenceforth Pilate-Πιλᾶτος (Pilatos)-"armed with a spear", (the fifth procurator of the Roman emperor in Judaea and Samaria) sought-ἐζήτει (ezetei)-to seek) to release-ἀπολῦσαι (apolusai)-to loose away, or off, (to free fully, to let go free) him: but the Jews cried out-ἔκραζον (ekrazon)-to cry, (i.e. call out aloud, speak with a loud voice), saying, If-Ἐὰν (Ean)-if, in case) thou let this man go-ἀπολύσῃς (apoluses)-to loose away, or off, (to free fully, to let go free), thou art not-οὐκ (ouk)-no, not, (the absolute negative)) Caesar's-Καίσαρος (Kaisaros)-"severed", (of Latin origin; Cæsar, a title of the Roman emperor:—Cæsar; properly, the surname of Julius Caesar) friend-φίλος (philos)-friend, (properly, dear, i.e. a friend; actively, fond, i.e. friendly): whosoever maketh himself a king-βασιλέα (basilea)-a king), speaketh against-ἀντιλέγει (antilegei)-to speak against or in return, (oppose) Caesar. 13 When Pilate therefore heard-ἀκούσας (akousas)-to give ear, hearken, hear) that saying, he brought-ἤγαγεν (egagen)-to lead (by implication, to bring) Jesus-Ἰησοῦν (Iesoun)-"Jehovah is salvation", (the Son of God, the Saviour of mankind) forth-ἔξω (exo)-without, forth, (forth out), and sat down-ἐκάθισεν (ekathisen)-to set or put down, (to sit down) in-ἐπὶ (epi)-on, upon) the judgment seat-βήματος (bematos)-foot print, tribunal, (a step, i.e. foot-breath; by implication, a rostrum, i.e. a tribunal:—judgment-seat, set (foot) on); a raised place mounted by steps; a platform, tribune), in a place that is called-λεγόμενον (legomenon)-to lay out, say, (called) the pavement-Λιθόστρωτον (Lithostroton)-paved with stone, (spread (paved) with stones), but-δὲ (de)-but, yet) in the Hebrew-Ἑβραϊστὶ (Hebraisti)-Hebraistic, (in (the) Hebrew (-tongue, -language)), Gabbatha-Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)-(from Heb.) elevated place).”
Note: The Greek word: (Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)) is a 'phonetic spelling' of the Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)).
Note: This is how John 19:13 reads in the 'Modern Hebrew New Testament':
כַּאֲשֶׁר שָׁמַע פִּילָטוֹס אֶת הַמִּלִּים הָאֵלֶּה, הוֹצִיא אֶת יֵשׁוּעַ וְיָשַׁב עַל כֵּס הַמִּשְׁפָּט בְּמָקוֹם מְרֻצָּף אֲבָנִים הַנִּקְרָא גַּבְּתָא.
Note: The Hebrew word: גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’) stems out of the root word:
(H1355 גַּב-(gaḇ). Below is an example of the
Strong's Number: (H1355 גַּב-(gaḇ)).
Daniel 7:6
6 “After this I beheld, and lo, another, like a leopard, which had upon H1355-the back of it-גַּבַּ֑הּ (gab-bah)-the back, (back, top) four wings of a fowl, the beast had also four heads, and dominion was given to it.”
The imagery is then of a creature who had four wings on its upper back.
There is consistency in the definitions between the Hebrew words:
(גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)-John 19:13) & (גַּבַּ֑הּ (gab-bah)-Daniel 7:6), as both definitions speak of 'an elevation'. Remember, the Greek word: (Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)) is simply a 'phonetic spelling' of the Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)) which means: "elevated place". Not that the Greek word: (Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)) means: "elevated place", for it is only a 'phonetic spelling' of the Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)). The definition of the Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)) was simply transferred to the Greek word: (Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)).
Note: Furthermore, the Hebrew word: (H1355-גַּבַּ֑הּ (gab-bah)-Daniel 7:6) corresponds to: (H1354 גַּב-(gaḇ); the back (as rounded); by analogy, the top or rim, a boss, a vault, arch of eye, bulwarks, etc.:—back, body, boss, eminent (higher) place, (eye) brows, nave, ring.
Note: The Strong's Number: (H1354) can be found thirteen (13) times, beginning with Leviticus 14:9, all the way to Ezekiel 43:13. Below is one (1) example of the Hebrew word: (H1354 גַּב-(gaḇ)).
Ezekiel 43:13
13 “And these are the measures of the Altar after the cubits; The cubit is a cubit and an hand breadth, even the bottom shall be a cubit, and the breadth a cubit, and the border thereof by the edge thereof round about shall be a span, and this shall be H1354-the higher place-גַּב (gaḇ)-back, upper part, arch, ( elevation, i.e. basement of altar) of the altar.”
Note: As you can see, the Greek word: (Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)-(from Heb.) elevated place)), is a 'phonetic' translation of the actual Hebrew word:
(גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)-elevated place)). And to better understand the use of the Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)), two examples were give;
Daniel 7:6 & Ezekiel 43:13.
Compare:
(a.) John 19:13 (-KJV)
...in the Hebrew, Gabbatha-Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)-(from Heb.) elevated place, ((compare H1355)).
(b.) John 19:13 (-Modern Hebrew New Testament)
גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)-elevated place).
(c.) Daniel 7:6 (-KJV)
H1355-the back of it-גַּבַּ֑הּ (gab-bah)-the back, (back, top).
(d.) Ezekiel 43:13 (-KJV)
H1354-the higher place-גַּב (gaḇ)-back, upper part, arch, (elevation, i.e. basement of altar).
Note: To summarize, The Greek word (Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)) as in:
“... in a place that is called the pavement, but in the Hebrew-Ἑβραϊστὶ (Hebraisti)-Hebraistic, (in (the) Hebrew (-tongue, -language)), Gabbatha-Γαββαθα (Gabbatha)-(from Heb.) elevated place).”
is a 'phonetic' spelling of the Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)), which means: "elevated place". This Hebrew word: (גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)) can be cross referenced to other Hebrew words that also share the same Etymology with common definitions.
compare:
John 19:13-Γαββαθα (Gabbatha) // גַּבְּתָא (Gabb’tha’)-elevated place.
with:
Daniel 7:6 -גַּבַּ֑הּ (gab-bah)-the back, (back, top).
Ezekiel 43:13 -גַּב (gaḇ)-back, upper part, arch, (elevation, i.e. basement of altar).
Note: Translations such as the
'New International Version' & 'English Standard Version'
redefine the Greek word: (Ἑβραϊστὶ (Hebraisti)-in the Hebrew) to: in Aramaic.
John 19:13-(NIV)
"When Pilate heard this, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judge’s seat at a place known as the Stone Pavement (which in Aramaic is Gabbatha)."
John 19:13-(ESV)
"So when Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called The Stone Pavement, and in Aramaic Gabbatha."
7.
Words in the Hebrew tongue #3.
.
Revelation 9:11
11 “And they had a king-βασιλέα (basilea)-a king) over them, which is the Angel-ἄγγελον (aggelon)-messenger, envoy) of the bottomless pit-ἀβύσσου (abussou)-very deep place, (depthless, (bottomless) pit), whose name-ὄνομα (onoma)-name, (universally: of proper names) in the Hebrew tongue-Ἑβραϊστὶ (Hebraisti)-Hebraistic, (in (the) Hebrew (-tongue, -language)) is Abaddon-Ἀβαδδὼν (Abaddon)-destruction, i.e. destroyer, (a destroying angel:—Abaddon), but in the Greek tongue-Ἑλληνικῇ (Hellenike)-Greek, Grecian) hath-ἔχει (echei)-to have, ( a primary verb; to hold) his name-ὄνομα (onoma)-name, (universally: of proper names) Apollyon-Ἀπολλύων (Apolluon)-destruction, destroyer).”
Note: The Greek word: (Ἀβαδδὼν (Abaddon)-Abaddon) is a 'phonetic spelling' of the Hebrew word: (אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn)).
Note: This is how Revelation 9:11 reads in the 'Modern Hebrew New Testament':
וְיֵשׁ לָהֶם מֶלֶךְ עֲלֵיהֶם, מַלְאַךְ הַתְּהוֹם, אֲשֶׁר שְׁמוֹ בְּעִבְרִית אֲבַדּוֹן ובִיוָנִית שְׁמוֹ אַפּוֹלְיוֹן.
Note: The Strong's Number for the Hebrew word:
(אֲבַדּוֹן ʼăbaddôwn-destruction) is: H11
Note: The word: (Apollyon-Ἀπολλύων (Apolluon)) is a proper Greek name, it is not a 'phonetic' translation of the the Hebrew language. Contrary, the Greek word: (Ἀβαδδὼν (Abaddon) [Abaddon]) is a 'phonetic' translation of the Hebrew word: (H11-אֲבַדּוֹן ʼăbaddôwn). OR,
G3-Ἀβαδδών (Abaddon), indeclinable, H11-אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn)
Note: The Strong's Number: (H11) can be found six (6) times. Below is one example of the Hebrew word: (H11-אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn) as it is used in
Revelation 9:11 'Modern Hebrew New Testament'.
Job 31:12
12 “For it is a fire that consumeth to H11-destruction-אֲבַדּוֹן (’ă-ḇad-dō-wn)-destruction), and would root out all mine increase.”
Note: In other words, the author of Revelation 9:11, for him to write the Greek word: (Ἀβαδδών (Abaddon)-Abaddon), had to 'phonetically' spell the Hebrew word: (אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn)) into Greek letters. This same Hebrew word: (אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn)) was used in the 'Book of Job' twice (Job 31:12 & Job 28:22).
Note: Oddly enough, the (NIV) & (ESV) do not object to the words:
(in the Hebrew tongue), because they can't (the fickleness of these translations).
Note: The Book of Job is said to be dated around the 6th or 5th century B.C.
Note: Even more, the Hebrew word: (H11-אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn) is intensive from the Hebrew word: (H6-אָבַד ʼâbad); a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy).
Note: The Strong's Number: (H6) can be found 185 times throughout the Old Testament, beginning with Exodus 10:7, all the way to Zechariah 9:5. Below is one (1) example.
2 Kings 21:3
3 “For he built up again the high places, which Hezekiah his father H6-had destroyed-אִבַּד (’ib-baḏ)-to destroy, (perish), and he reared up altars for Baal, and made a grove, as did Ahab king of Israel, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them.”
Note: Conclusion:
Revelation 9:11
“...the Angel of the bottomless pit, whose name...”
In the Hebrew tongue:
(Abaddon-Ἀβαδδὼν (Abaddon)
-a phonetic translation of Hebrew word: אֲבַדּוֹן (ʼăbaddôwn)-H11
In the Greek tongue:
(Apollyon-Ἀπολλύων (Apolluon)
-a Proper Greek name
In the Aramaic tongue:
(ܫܪܐ-Shara/Shra (also written as Shareh).
8.
Other Hebrew words in the NT
There are plenty of Hebrew words throughout the New Testament.
Below are but a few examples.
(a.) Matthew 5:22
22 “But I say unto you, that whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause, shall be in danger of the Judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca-Ῥακά (Raka)-vain, empty, (i.e. thou worthless (as a term of utter vilification)), shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire.”
Note: The Greek word: (Ῥακά (Raka)-Raca) is a 'phonetic' translation of the Hebrew word: (H7386-רֵיקָה (rêka).
Both: (Ῥακά-[Greek]) & (רֵיקָה-[Hebrew]) share the same inflection.
(inflection: Adjective, Feminine, Singular).
Note: This is how Matthew 5:22 reads for the '1886 Hebrew New Testament' by Salkinson-Ginsburg:
וַאֲנִי אֹמֵר לָכֶם הַמִּתְעַבֵּר בְּאָחִיו חִנָּם יִנָּתֵן לַמִּשְׁפָּט בִּפְלִלִים וְהַקֹּרֵא לְאָחִיו רֵיקָה יִנָּתֵן בִּידֵי הַסַּנְהֶדְרִין וְאִם נָבָל יִקְרָא־לוֹ ויִפֹּל לְאֵשׁ גֵּיהִנֹּם
(inflection: Adjective, Feminine, Singular)-[rêka].
There is a little mistake in the text regarding the way the word was pronounced. It isn’t now and wasn’t then ‘Raca’ as it is transliterated in the text [(Mat 5:22)], but ‘reyka.’ The name comes from the noun ‘reyk’ (or ‘rek’) which means ‘empty.’ The connection is clear; it is a reference to a person who is empty of either wisdom, manners, respect, etc. -(jerusalemprayerteam.org)
Note: This is how Matthew 5:22 reads in the 'Modern Hebrew New Testament':
וַאֲנִי אוֹמֵר לָכֶם: כָּל הַכּוֹעֵס עַל אָחִיו יְחֻיַּב לְדִין; הָאוֹמֵר לְאָחִיו 'רֵיק' יְחֻיַּב לְמִשְׁפַּט הַסַּנְהֶדְרִין; וְהָאוֹמֵר 'אֱוִיל' דִּינוֹ אֵשׁ גֵּיהִנּוֹם.
(inflection: Adjective, Masculine, Singular)-[rêyq].
Note: Another variation of Matthew 5:22 can be found in the
'1877 Delitzsch Hebrew New Testament'.
וַאֲנִי אֹמֵר לָכֶם כָּל־אֲשֶׁר יִקְצֹף עַל־אָחִיו חִנָּם חַיָּב הוּא לְבֵית דִּין וַאֲשֶׁר יֹאמַר אֶל־אָחִיו רֵקָא חַיָּב הוּא לְסַנְהֶדְרִין וַאֲשֶׁר נָבָל יִקְרָא לוֹ הוּא מְחוּיַּב אֵשׁ גֵּיהִנֹּם
(inflection: Adjective, Feminine, Singular)-[rêka].
Note: The definition of the Strong's Number: (H7386-רֵיק (rêyq); or (shorter) רֵק rêq; from H7324; empty; figuratively, worthless:—emptied(-ty), vain (fellow, man).
Note: The Strong's Number: (H7386) and its various infections can be found fourteen (14) times throughout the Old Testament, beginning with Genesis 37:24, all the way to Ezekiel 24:11. Below is one (1) example:
Judges 11:3
3 “Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered H7386-vain-רֵיקִים (rê-qîm)-empty, vain, (figuratively: worthless)) men to Jephthah, and went out with him.”
(inflection: Masculine, Plural).
Note: The difference between (Matthew 5:22) & (Judges 11:3) is:
Matthew 5:22 -1886 Hebrew New Testament
H7386-רֵיקָה (rêka) Feminine, Singular.
Judges 11:3 -KJV
H7386-רֵיקִים (rê-qîm) Masculine, Plural.
(b.) Mark 14:36
36 “And he said, Abba-Αββα (Abba)-father), father, all things are possible unto thee, take away this cup from me: Nevertheless, not what I will, but what thou wilt.”
Note: The Greek word: (Αββα (Abba)-Abba) is a 'phonetic' translation of the Hebrew word: (H1-אַבָּא (Aba).
Note: This is how Mark 14:36 reads in the 'Modern Hebrew New Testament':
"אַבָּא, אָבִי", אָמַר יֵשׁוּעַ, "אַתָּה כֹּל יָכוֹל, הַעֲבֵר נָא מִמֶּנִּי אֶת הַכּוֹס הַזֹּאת, אַךְ לֹא כִּרְצוֹנִי אֲנִי כִּי אִם כִּרְצוֹנְךָ אַתָּה."
Note: The Strong's Number: (H1-אָב ʼâb); is a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application:—chief, (fore-) father(-less), × patrimony, principal.
Note: The Strong's Number: (H1) and its various infections can be found 1,210 times throughout the Old Testament, beginning with Genesis 2:24, all the way to Malachi 4:6. Below is one (1) example:
Esther 2:7
7 “And he brought up Hadassah (that is Esther) his uncle's daughter, for she had neither H1-father-אָב (’āḇ)-father) nor mother, and the maid was fair and beautiful, whom Mordecai (when her father and mother were dead) took for his own daughter.”
Note: You may wonder, is there no another verse with the Hebrew word: (אַבָּא (Aba))? The simple answer is "no". You see, the Hebrew word: (אַבָּא (Aba)) is like saying: "dad", "daddy", it expresses a loving relationship between the son and the Father, I suppose you can call it an informal expression.
The closest variation to: (אַבָּא (Aba)) in the Old Testament would be:
(אָב (’āḇ)-'father' [x30]) & (אָבִי (’ā-ḇî,)-'my father' [x125]).
(c.) Mark 5:41
41 “And he took the damsel by the hand, and said unto her, Talitha-Ταλιθα (talitha)-a damsel, maiden, (i.e. young girl)) cumi-κοῦμι (koumi)-arise, (i.e. rise!)), which is, being interpreted, Damsel (I say unto thee) Arise.”
Note: I will focus on the Greek word: (κοῦμι (koumi)-cumi), as it is easier to cross reference to the Old Testament. The Greek word: (κοῦμι (koumi)-cumi) is a 'phonetic' translation of the Hebrew word: (H6965-קוּמִי (qū-mî).
Note: This is how Mark 5:41 reads in the 'Modern Hebrew New Testament':
הוּא אָחַז בְּיָדָהּ שֶׁל הַיַּלְדָּה וְאָמַר אֵלֶיהָ: "טַלְיְתָא, קוּמִי!" שֶׁתַּרְגּוּמוֹ, "נַעֲרָה, קוּמִי אֲנִי אוֹמֵר לָךְ."
(inflection: Imperative, Female, Singular)
Note: The Strong's Number: (H6965-קוּם qûwm); is a primitive root; 'to rise' (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative).
Note: The Strong's Number: (H6965) and its various infections can be found 626 times throughout the Old Testament, beginning with Genesis 4:8, all the way to Zechariach 11:16. See a pattern yet? most root words start with the book of Genesis. Below are two (2) example of the Hebrew word:
(H6965-קוּמִי (qū-mî)) as found in Mark 5:41 ('Modern Hebrew New Testament')
2 Kings 8:1
1 “Then spake Elisha unto the woman (whose son he had restored to life) saying, H6965-Arise-קוּמִי (qū-mî)-to rise up, (stand up, arise)), and go thou and thine household, and sojourn wheresoever thou canst sojourn: for the LORD hath called for a famine, and it shall also come upon the land seven years.”
(inflection: Imperative, Female, Singular).
Micah 4:13
13 “H6965-Arise-קוּמִי (qū-mî)-to rise up, (stand up, arise)) and thresh, O daughter of Zion: for I will make thine horn iron, and I will make thy hoofs brass, and thou shalt beat in pieces many people: and I will consecrate their gain unto the LORD, and their substance unto the Lord of the whole earth.”
(inflection: Imperative, Female, Singular).
In Summary,
The beauty of the Hebrew language is in that all of the Old Testament books are intertwined. And though they were written throughout long periods of time, the Hebrew language can be traced back thru its 'root words' (Etymology). These root words are scattered throughout the Old Testament books, written by men of God. A preservation of this magnitude can only be accredited to God.
ARAMAIC
Aramaic in the Bible
1.
"in the Syrian language" ... "in the Jews' language".
2 Kings 18:26 & 28
25 “Am I now come up without the LORD against this place, to destroy it? The LORD said to me, Go up against this land, and destroy it. 26 Then said Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, and Shebna, and Joah, unto Rabshakeh, Speak, I pray thee, to thy servants in the Syrian language, (for we understand it) and talk not with us in the Jews' language, in the ears of the people that are on the wall. ... 28 “Then Rabshakeh stood and cried with a loud voice in the Jews' language, and spake, saying, Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria.”
Friends,
Updating
&
Re-formatting
this section:
Friends,
You have a choice. You can get your Bible from Alexandria, or you can get it from Antioch. If you have a King James Bible, then your Bible is based on the Manuscripts from Antioch. But if you have the NIV, ESV, NASB, NKJV, or such, then your Bible has its roots from Alexandria, Egypt & Rome.
For additional information click on the links below:
**many thanks to all my brothers in Christ who have taken the time to compile and share this valuable information.
MODERN BIBLES
"...And these are but few examples of the many of errors that these modern bible translation teach. Saints, open your eyes to the truth, and be not deceived. Remember, Satan will mingle the truth with a pinch of lie."
-Remember Genesis chapter 3
Ask yourself, why are these Bibles different?
Answer:
1. Manuscripts;
-
Byzantine text-type (AV 1611, KJV, YLT)
-
Alexandrian text-type (such as the: NIV, NASB, RSV, ESV, ASV, NRSV, LSB, and even the NKJV)
2. Copyrights/Publishing Requisites;
-
AV 1611 has NO Copyrights (the word of God is not bound!) click: av1611.org
-
These modern English versions must read differently from each other in order to secure their unique copyrights (profits/ rights/ enterprise).
3. Satan
-
The Father of all lies
-
Distorts the truth
To learn more about the differences between the King James Bible and other translations, click the links below.
https://timefortruth.co.uk/why-av-only/
https://www.jesusisprecious.org/bible/modern_bible_omissions.htm
http://ecclesia.org/truth/manuscript_evidence.html
***Special acknowledgement to my brothers in the Lord who have devoted time and effort to compile this information.***
HOW TO READ THE KING JAMES BIBLE
Our sister, Gail Riplinger, took the time and effort to write a book about the superiority of the King James Language against modern Bible translations. The name of her book is: In Awe of Thy Word. I strongly recommend this book. Indeed, no other Bible reads like the King James. Click on the link below to download the book for free.
OUR
FORGIVENESS
...step by step